Remember when we were children, women in mind Xiaoqing has a smile and Joan Chen. At that time, maybe people would like to than I have simple, man Why, there must be an the spirit of tough guy because as a woman Mody, virtuous is the first, his face pockmarked does not matter a bit small, do not mind face a trick, a woman is used to do? not for viewing, and is used to live in the ah. Look, what hotties ah time beauty of the soul is the first beauty of the soul came in beauty of language, behavior United States, the United States in front of the image.
I want to explore is, what kind of person can be called said that less and less beautiful. Li Yinhe said emphatically, it is nor has he. The screen on the stage screen of those men was one he could feel the Prostitute, and the skin soft and spoke with ah, what how friends?
such hotties which individuals are not worth heart and love? Of course, this dudes and babes never will grow old, even older, is dudes and babes, but two words together in front of Bale: Senior.
to see more people, people who experience more, come up with a little something for a bit now, and I think the real beauty is not only handsome face to be more beautiful, more body to the devil, but also in the temperament, is among gestures that can be shown by the stirring, captivating The can you hold the gas field and charm captivated.
write this essay, because two people, one is Zhang Yimou, one is QQ unknown person.
MSN Spaces perfect move to the Sina blog!
delicate that I do not like the appearance as if the Indian Bacchus, inside I was empty guy, do not like women than women physically very weak the so-called . I like the beauty should be or Liu Xuan, Tan Xue, are they not beautiful? appearance of nature is very important, Zhang described the beauty this to say: this face like a well-written the first chapter of the novel, people want to see continue. Reading Essay, quality wine, tours beauty, beauty look at four of my love life, however, a lot of beauty is to see and can not pay for.
few days ago, I saw an article in an interview with Zhang Yimou, the director desires Da film actress, but found a half of China, No. thousands of people, could not find a Soon his mind beautiful girl, so he sent a such a feeling, to the effect that: have sex, and must meet a basic condition is that her parents are also parents handsome and beautiful, so that parents can give birth to a beautiful beautiful daughter, this is a biological basis; But now, looking beautiful is not handsome, but the coal bosses and other flourishes of rich men, and handsome, because the money, we can only make do with marrying a flat surface women, so it goes, how can Four beautiful women The QQ, did not talk for a few words, suddenly pop out one: Do you like handsome guy? I off the top of the word to go back: Of course! dudes and babes, handsome crush, how can such a pleasant creature does not like it? course A man is perfectly justified to say that like beauty, like the guy will give people the immense imagination. But I think the very simple, as long as the United States, no matter how things worth mentioning, I like both. I like the guy with the tea I also like to chat with the beauty, nature, love with love different.
Wednesday, December 29, 2010
Tuesday, December 28, 2010
China's population is too widely spread rumors (2)
7, human resources are the primary resources.
Can be seen from the above analysis, the economic level is not entirely determined by the per capita natural resources, population of a country does not determine the number of the socio-economic growth rate and living standard. The Arab Middle East countries have 60% of global oil, but not high level of social development, such as Saudi Arabia has the world's 1 / 4 oil resources, while Israel has not a drop of oil, even the lack of other resources, but Saudi Arabia's human development index (HDI) only 0.772 (with the Chinese equivalent), and Israel up to 0.915, Saudi Arabia's per capita GDP of Israel is only about 1 / 2, the unemployment rate is higher than Israel. Japan's lack of natural resources, Russia has abundant natural resources, but Japan's HDI in 2003 up to 0.943, only 0.795 Russia, Japan, GDP per capita in 2005 was $ 36,564, while Russia is only $ 5174, and Russia, the unemployment rate is almost twice that of Japan. ()
global share of China's population accounts for the beginning of the nineteenth century, the world's population 40% down to 25% of the early 20th century, then dropped to 20% now, and soon will drop to 15%. means that the global share of China's population accounts for nearly two hundred years in the fall by half. means that the information relative to the world average per capita level is increased by double. That is more than two years ago, the world average per capita resources are relatively the least, but that really is the Qianlong Period of prosperity, whether from the living standards of comprehensive national strength and per capita terms is considered a world power. Now China's per capita relative resources increased, but the relative strength and a reduced standard of living relative. we are talking about, on 40% of the population 50%, Japan's dependence on international resources, not to mention. resource consuming countries implemented by the global strategy is the inevitable choice. But the important thing is how can we change the hands of the advantages of resources to more resources need to be imported . ()
Deng Xiaoping once said that caused by inefficient use of a large number of non-ferrous mineral resources, but also repeated China's exports in foreign anti-dumping. the one hand, we use the On the one hand is in use resources? ()
In fact, China's most valuable resource is human resources, just as Mr. Zhong Dajun said: , not resources), in fact, population, abundant labor resources. is relied on such a large labor force, China has become the world's factory, became the production base in the world economy. Once a valuable resource to reduce the Chinese population, the impact will be not only the Chinese community and the Chinese economy, but the entire global economy The international community does not appreciate, has repeatedly asked China to increase wages, to revalue its currency.) squandered the one hand, cheap labor resources available, on the other hand limited labor resources, updates on what basis the development of China's future? () < br> As President Hu Jintao said: Human resources are the primary resources. who is the problems encountered in the development will be resolved one by one in order to resources use of energy has gone through the history of firewood, coal, oil three times the energy. In the era firewood, mainly borrowed from the animal power, wind (windmills), water (water tankers); 1765, the British invention of Watt's steam engine, making the former The almost ; non-resources coal, oil age, people need only spend a fraction of income can buy the necessary energy. future energy percentage of revenue will be even more reduced. energy every breakthrough in standards of living have led to improved quality. ()
now, it seems like a great energy, but only a temporary problem, and because China has abundant coal (also sufficient to use a hundred years), and water resources, to survive, and not to increase the population by reducing the per capita resources Chinese born after 1970, 700 million, even though a child will not grow, but also to the 2046 order to reduce to 7 million, but that time has basically loss of fertility of women, the Chinese people will be extinct, while the energy at that time is not a problem. a few years later, with the fusion [17], solar [18], hydrogen energy, biomass, geothermal, wind, ocean energy, tidal energy, wave energy, ocean thermal energy and salinity difference can, ice can, antimatter energy and other new energy development and utilization [19], human beings have entered a cheap and limitless energy era. energy problem once solved, other issues such as water resources (water recycling, purification, recycling, water transfer etc.), the food problem (low energy, the artificial light can make the land completely in the next room high-rise buildings, greatly reducing the cultivated land area and water needs of the use; energy low, the fertilizer is not a problem, fertilizer costs will be reduced, the Health Fertilizer can provide organic fertilizer material), environmental issues (the current release because of the pollution of coal and oil account for a large proportion), also can be resolved or eased. ()
8, the agricultural policies affecting food security and population structure not cultivated
Lester, director of the Worldwatch Institute, United States b Brown in 1994, which caused a sensation. Brown, compared to Japan, South Korea and Taiwan's industrialization process, that the process of industrialization because of food shortages caused by reduction of arable land. many people as Brown's forecast population problem in China has sounded the alarm, that in order to ensure food security, we must limit the population to continue family planning. Brown's prediction time span of 40 years: from 1990 to 2030. Over the past 15 years, Brown's forecasts have proven wrong. Zhensheng Academy has been refuted by the fact that the Brown opinion [20 ]. ()
Mr. Brown's forecast of China's population is untenable, he said, look at China's population growth in the first 40 years the number, you can let 40 years after the huge population growth become very clear .1950 ~ 1990, China's population increased by 571 million; take into account after a certain period of slow population growth factors, is expected to increase from 1990 to 2030, 4.9 billion or more. 1,143 million in 1990 China's population, according to Mr. Brown's prediction, China's population in 2000 1.307 billion, an increase of 10 163 million, but the fifth census in 2000 revealed that only 1.243 billion, an increase of only 100 million for 10 years, Bi Bulang forecast 40% less. Brown said 2017 China's population will reach 15 million 2045 16.6 million. In fact, not only the implementation of China's one-child policy in 1980, and the complete cessation of family planning, China's population can barely reach Brown's forecasts (and to achieve this figure, China's grain even no problem). ()
Brown to Japan, South Korea and Taiwan in the process of industrialization of 1.2% average annual reduction of arable land on fact, predicted that China's per capita arable land in 1990 from 0.08 hectares (1.2 acres ) decreased to 0.03 in 2030 hectares (0.45 acres), the prospects very serious concern. China's cultivated land will be reduced by half. Brown, is used in the last century 80's and 90's tradition of China's National Bureau of arable land, these data than was using satellite remote sensing of cultivated land area of serious small. According to the 2002 FAO data, China's 143 million hectares of cultivated land to population in 1990 was 0.125 ha per capita, not Brown, that the 0.08 ha. ()
reduction of cultivated area in China in recent years, mainly because the government requires ecological restoration, for example, 2002,2003 and 2004 accounted for a net ecological restoration area to reduce area of 84.5%, 88.2% and 91.6%. less arable land, only a small part of the land belonging to industrial and transportation. Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, arising in the course of industrialization of industrial and transportation land use of farmland, affecting food security, because these areas the proportion of total land area of agricultural land is too low. such as Japan and Korea, respectively, of agricultural land land area of only 14.2% and 19.6%, while the agricultural land area in China accounts for 59.4% of land area. After the occupation of China's industrialization will be far lower than the proportion of agricultural land in Japan, South Korea and China Taiwan. and the reduction of arable land in Japan and other regions, and also incomplete because of industrialization and use of farmland, but because of international food prices, there is not enough manpower engaged in agriculture, increasing forest cover in these areas as evidenced by the past, good farmland is converted to forest. ()
that is, Brown said the industrial and transport use of farmland will result in reduction of arable land in China which led to food shortages in China's view is untenable.
1979, after years of reform and opening up, because the household contract system and the state grain purchase and the price increase, greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of farmers, from 1980 to 1984, China's grain production increased rapidly. in the food year after year to increase production situation, the beginning of 1985 to the inhibition of food production policy, the abolition of food purchase and, to contract ordering, ordering food practice ; down Panax the effective stimulation of food technology promotion system of agricultural science and technology issues, failure to promote), and dampen the production of major grain producing areas and the FAO initiative, resulting in reduced grain sown area, total grain output in 1989 is only the level of 1984 .1990 years after the Government attaches great importance to food production, from inputs of capital and policies take a variety of ways to encourage the development of grain production, China's grain production decline out of stagnation in 1998 to 5.12 million tonnes (mainly attributable to increased yields, Because grain acreage since 1980, also down slightly.) grain glut, not buy out of state warehouses were full. national leaders for food is not the issue, Premier Zhu Rongji declared that Since 1999, China's grain production has emerged a continuous decline, and the grain sown area, yield and the overall decline in total output. By 2003, only 431 million tons of grain output. China declined in recent years, the nature of food production economic causes of the sharp decline in food production. farmers to sell food since 1995 the average price decline for many years, and the decrease greatly. the average selling price of grain in 1995 was 1.50 per kg, but by 2000 has dropped to less than 1 yuan / kg, a decrease of 36%. And yet the price of agricultural means of production continued to rise In 1995, net output in food production to reach 5,700 yuan / ha, but has rapidly decreased in subsequent years, only 2000 2900 yuan / ha [21] the Central Government to re-.2004 grain sown area for all the increase. visible impact food production per capita agricultural policy rather than land. ()
and with the economic, social and agricultural technology, future, green, white and blue tri-color agriculture into agricultural the direction of development [22].
green ecological agriculture based on green plants produce food by photosynthesis of chlorophyll agriculture. At present, China does not fully cultivated land in China there are about 2 / 3 of the arable land is in the low-yielding fields, tons grain co-founder of the Northern Agricultural University Professor Wang Shuan that the yield per unit area of agricultural land there is considerable potential to improve. good job quality and high yield varieties, mulching, fertilization, dry farming, water-saving irrigation, modeling cultivation of low-yielding farmland, adjusting the agricultural structure, agricultural storage and preservation, processing of agricultural products, vegetables and other promotional items such as counter-season cultivation, green ecological agriculture in China has great potential. China's 60 million mu of grassland is still on the contribution of the current food low potential. ()
white is protein engineering of agricultural engineering, cell engineering and enzyme engineering for the foundation, because it is a high degree of cleanliness in the factory of production, everyone will wear white overalls in labor, so the image of land called the about 5 million tons, such as the use of 100 million tons by microbial fermentation into a feed, you can be equivalent to 400 billion kilograms of feed grain, feed grain in China each year, 50%. an annual output of 100,000 tons a single cell protein microbial factories that can produce the equivalent of 180 million mu of farmland production of soy protein, or 3 million mu of grassland cattle animal protein produced. In recent years, our country has produced bio-fertilizers, bio pesticides, veterinary drugs and antibiotics, vaccines , growth regulating agents. ()
blue sea to agriculture to food. China has 300 million square kilometers of ocean area, the potential of marine farming are also high. of 18,000 km of coastline, only within 200 meters of continental coastline development and utilization of offshore can have at least 22 million mu. According to the present study estimated that two acres of coastal land, an acre of fertile land with an area equivalent to the 11 million acres of blue is waiting for us to develop good land use. ()
appropriate protection of arable land is correct, because our grandparents to spend tremendous efforts reclaimed land, in agricultural applications of new technology has not been large-scale waste should not be before the rush, so be careful returning farmland to forest, and in addition to land, the future many ecological agriculture requires land (such as eco-energy). but there is no need to overreact, appropriate industrial land is necessary, do not affect the process of industrialization. ()
visible from the resource perspective, the food is not a problem. but m is a phenomenon worth noting that the lack of agricultural population that may affect China's food security. because of industrialization, as the city water like a sponge absorbing the rural labor force, but China as the family planning will result in the future over the rural farming population decreased, and rural farming The population structure malformations (the proportion of young adults too), resulting in reduced agricultural productivity. in the future China's food security threat is not the reduction of agricultural land, but farming's young farmers over decreased, no farming. () < br> 2005 in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, the labor force engaged in agricultural production were only 2.4% of the total population, 3.2%, 2.8%. As Japan and other regions of the food self-sufficiency rate of only 40%, means that Japan's food in a population of 100 40 individual food is a Japanese farmers from 2.4 (for each individual farmer to feed 16.7; U.S. farmers to more efficiently; the per capita agricultural land resources factors, the efficiency of China's future will be between Japan and the U.S. intervention), and 60 people's food is imported. Japan imported food is not enough arable land, but by the impact of international food prices. ()
Japan's national small to affect the international grain market, China must ensure an adequate labor force engaged in agriculture production, on the one hand to ensure grain self-sufficiency, on the other hand make full use of the vast agricultural land, or they will be a great loss. and the future structure of the international industrial structure and consumption may be adjusted, will increase the proportion of ecological agriculture (such as fuel ethanol, bio- diesel, bio-plastics are all required labor.) urbanization, when the labor force in the lessons, but also pay attention to the rural labor force structure and knowledge structure, if people are sick and elderly in the farming, the future will face food problem. ( )
If China had completely stopped in 1980, family planning, then, to 2035 when the labor force than the actual increase in more than 200 million, the 2 million people as long as 1 / 5 engaged in agricultural production, enough to feed all of the country has a population of half. ()
9, family planning hindered the process of urbanization in China
2005 years of China's first, second, the proportion of tertiary industry were 49% (29.7% of the total population), 22% 29%, equivalent to 1950 in Japan, South Korea, the situation in 1970. The Japanese population in 1980, the primary industry decreased to 10.4%, South Korea, the first industry in 1995, the population decreased to 12.5% [23] .22005, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, in labor force in agricultural production 4.6% respectively of the total labor force, 6.4%, 6%, respectively, 2.4% of the total population, 3.2%, 2.8%. These three regions account for the current population of the employed population of industrial employment, 30% (of the total population about 15%), service sector employment accounted for 64% of the employed population (accounting for about 32% of the total population). ()
China's urbanization process will not in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, as well as China's old age of the drag, the Chinese there had been no population structure in these regions so good. in Korea, for example, according to South Korean National Bureau of Statistics figures released in 2002, the elderly aged 65 and above the proportion of the total national population in 2000 was 7.3% ( the same level as in China), 2019, will reach 14%, to 2026 when more than 20%. Our population structure in South Korea as the the level of urbanization. China's future population situation?
2003 under the State Family Planning Commission forecast, 2035 China's elderly population will reach 65 292 million. now stop, and to encourage family planning, fertility, then China's total population by 2035 to reach 14.49 billion, compared to 20.1% in aging, which, according to the then, the Chinese population of only 1.254 billion by 2035, aging as high as 23.3%, which, according to the billion. ()
In other words, China wants to carry the 292 million into the city of the elderly population. One is to support so many elderly people, an objective the need to increase the labor force in agriculture and secondary industry (which is a rigid demand), On the other hand to take care of the elderly in rural areas, hindering their children into the city. In addition, China is not like Japan, South Korea, like a lot of food imports, leaving a sufficient number of workers needed in agriculture. resulted in the transfer of rural labor weakness, low proportion of tertiary industry, delayed the process of urbanization. the one hand, labor shortage, food shortage on the one hand, national leaders will face difficult decisions. ()
10, China's extensive model of development instead of style development. According to the NDRC data: In 2003 China's GDP accounted for only 4% of total world GDP, it consumes the equivalent of 30% of the global total primary energy and raw materials, of which oil accounted for 7.4 of total world %, iron and steel accounted for 27%, coal 31%, alumina 25%, 40% of cement. At present the output level of unit resources, the U.S. equivalent of 1 / 10, Japan 1 / 20 German 1 / 6 . Total Employment in the labor productivity is only about U.S. 1 / 46, Japan 1 / 41, France 1 / 34, Germany 1 / 32. Even in purchasing power, the consumption of resources per unit of GDP is far higher than the world average. ()
According to 33% lower than in developed countries by about 10 percentage points. steel, cement, paper and cardboard comprehensive energy consumption per unit of product than the international advanced level by 40%, 45% and 120%. In addition, the total recovery of mineral resources in China is probably is 30% lower than the advanced level of 20 percentage points; of building energy efficiency, building high-energy problems are acute, building energy consumption is higher than the advanced level more than 50% [24]. Our unit GDP energy consumption in Japan 7 times, 6 times the United States, or even 2.8 times that of India [25]. Since the low level of resource use, waste discharge standards in China is much higher than developed countries, each additional unit of GDP than in developed countries, wastewater discharge 4 times , unit of industrial output value of the solid waste more than 10 times higher than in developed countries. ()
advantage of China's most rational use of grassland resources are not, per capita consumption of dairy products in China is only 6 kg, 180 kg in Europe, USA 240 kg, 120 kg in Japan, India 80 kg. China is also very extensive use of grassland, feeding not standardized. unreasonable in the market, leading to a structural surplus of animal husbandry products, dairy products per capita in China is on the one hand less, herdsmen are forced to discard the other hand, a large number of pigs used to feed livestock or milk. inefficient use of China's grassland is another reason for the irrational industrial chain, such as that in the whole dairy milk production chain, processing and marketing of the profit ratio of 1:3.5:5.5, showing the interest of the majority of dairy farmers a minimum. herders in the whole industrial chain, because income is too low, in order to increase revenue, they can only overgrazing. normal farming make money some places on the export of black goat breeding, goat grass scratching hi, great destructive effect on the grassland, has paid a heavy price for m soil erosion, into a vicious cycle of poverty continues; and developed countries, little goats. China Many pastoralists or traditional stocking, big damage to the environment, and benefit from increased several times into captivity, there is no damage to the environment. For example, the raising of 220 long goat, if the original stocking methods, the need for 5,500 acres of pasture to ensure . But the switch to captivity, the 100 acres of pasture enough, and the annual output of each sheep flock has also increased more than 4 times the amount of [26]. can be seen as rational use and management of grassland resources in China there is huge potential. In recent years, done a good job in this area in Inner Mongolia, pastoral livestock products and increasing incomes, has also been restored pasture growth. vegetation cover of 13 million mu in 1999 increased to 17.5 million mu in 2004. ()
China per capita consumption of fresh water were equivalent to the world average of 1 / 4, but the Israeli equivalent of 9 times. China now has six provinces and autonomous regions (Ningxia, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Jiangsu) low per capita water resources than 500 cubic meters, but is higher than Israel. International experience shows that the concept of water as long as the correct, scientific and rational system of water use patterns, in the natural conditions in Israel than in many parts of western China is even worse, Israel 2 / 3 of the land is desert and barren mountains, only 260 cubic meters per capita water resources, due to the desert and other reasons, less available water resources. However, in order to overcome them water bottlenecks, The invention of the last century, the world's 60 most water-saving drip irrigation technology, and the construction of 145 km of water pipelines from the north water diversion into the desert. the effective utilization of irrigation water up to 80% or more, per cubic meter of water production capacity of 2 kg or more, and our only 0.87 kg [27]. Israel is also home to live on a heavy water-saving toilets have two buttons mm, with a small water urine, stool with a flood. ()
developed countries paid great attention to water conservation and the use of rain water, many countries and through the legal and tax measures to raise national awareness of water conservation, encourage the implementation of water recycling and rainwater utilization [28]. Before the new district is currently in Germany, regardless of industrial, commercial or residential area, are used to design stormwater facilities, absence of rainwater utilization measures, the government will levy fees and stormwater drainage facilities, drainage fees. the United States often used to enhance the natural rainwater infiltration capacity for the purpose. Some of the state legislature , the implementation of a compulsory . ()
country of Japan has a maritime climate, rain, water rich than that of China. However, lack of resources in Japan know the valuable water resources, water can be described as well-meaning in life. deep into the life of each aspects. For some people off the tap in public places, the phenomenon of forgetting, Japan adopted the approach of installing sensors. a lot of squatting-type toilet flushing toilet when the points difference between the good times out of water. major companies in the development of home appliances products when they pay attention to water conservation. Some stores even provided equipment such as toilet water saving must be to sell. For example, every household in Japan to use water-saving toilets to save water than traditional toilets more than 30%. Hitachi has developed the third generation of washing machines washing machine water is only 40% of the second generation [29]. Japan has also established a water system, is to bath water, washing machines, water drainage and other life concentrated in one, through treatment, after purification, and then used to flush toilets, washing , road watering, watering flowers and trees, etc. [30]. ()
However, the Chinese are generally not water-saving awareness. very serious waste of water, is the world's poorest spendthrift [31]. Chinese cities and the North per capita water rich in resources does not, however, China is the largest country in the world's water consumption. Only in 2002, the national water consumption reached 549.7 billion cubic meters to take, about the world in 13% of the amount taken, the United States in 1995, the supply of fresh water 470 billion cubic meters of about 1.2 times. output efficiency of water per cubic meter, the world average is 37 U.S. dollars, China's only 2 dollars, 93 dollars the United Kingdom, Japan is $ 55, Germany $ 51 million in GDP in China .2002 water 537 cubic meters, equivalent to 4 times the world average; industrial water recycling rate of less than 60%, far lower than developed countries the level of 75% m85%, steel production units such as the international advanced level than water several times or even several times higher; agricultural irrigation water use coefficient is only 0.4m0.45, well below the advanced level of 0.7m0.8. ()
is a serious shortage of water in Ningxia region, is the water at least one of the provinces, but in some parts of Ningxia, about a year per acre of rice poured more than 2000 cubic meters of water, an acre of wheat had more than 1200 cubic meters of water. the general utilization of water resources in rural China is only about 40% . In Ningxia, rice consumption per kg over two tonnes. flood irrigation of crops not only no good, but is caused by soil salinization of the most fundamental reason. ()
by a large number of over-exploitation of groundwater in Hebei Province to cover up the extreme shortage of this important fact.
in Henan, street washing, lawn maintenance, etc. are used in tap water, some high-end bath, beauty shop, not only water and more, and the lack of wastewater recycling equipment, fixed assets investment in demonstration projects almost no water content, some high water consumption industries to extensive way inexorably consume increasingly scarce water resources. ()
China's current urban water price is low, the Government introduced subsidies on the loss ....
Can be seen from the above analysis, the economic level is not entirely determined by the per capita natural resources, population of a country does not determine the number of the socio-economic growth rate and living standard. The Arab Middle East countries have 60% of global oil, but not high level of social development, such as Saudi Arabia has the world's 1 / 4 oil resources, while Israel has not a drop of oil, even the lack of other resources, but Saudi Arabia's human development index (HDI) only 0.772 (with the Chinese equivalent), and Israel up to 0.915, Saudi Arabia's per capita GDP of Israel is only about 1 / 2, the unemployment rate is higher than Israel. Japan's lack of natural resources, Russia has abundant natural resources, but Japan's HDI in 2003 up to 0.943, only 0.795 Russia, Japan, GDP per capita in 2005 was $ 36,564, while Russia is only $ 5174, and Russia, the unemployment rate is almost twice that of Japan. ()
global share of China's population accounts for the beginning of the nineteenth century, the world's population 40% down to 25% of the early 20th century, then dropped to 20% now, and soon will drop to 15%. means that the global share of China's population accounts for nearly two hundred years in the fall by half. means that the information relative to the world average per capita level is increased by double. That is more than two years ago, the world average per capita resources are relatively the least, but that really is the Qianlong Period of prosperity, whether from the living standards of comprehensive national strength and per capita terms is considered a world power. Now China's per capita relative resources increased, but the relative strength and a reduced standard of living relative. we are talking about, on 40% of the population 50%, Japan's dependence on international resources, not to mention. resource consuming countries implemented by the global strategy is the inevitable choice. But the important thing is how can we change the hands of the advantages of resources to more resources need to be imported . ()
Deng Xiaoping once said that caused by inefficient use of a large number of non-ferrous mineral resources, but also repeated China's exports in foreign anti-dumping. the one hand, we use the On the one hand is in use resources? ()
In fact, China's most valuable resource is human resources, just as Mr. Zhong Dajun said: , not resources), in fact, population, abundant labor resources. is relied on such a large labor force, China has become the world's factory, became the production base in the world economy. Once a valuable resource to reduce the Chinese population, the impact will be not only the Chinese community and the Chinese economy, but the entire global economy The international community does not appreciate, has repeatedly asked China to increase wages, to revalue its currency.) squandered the one hand, cheap labor resources available, on the other hand limited labor resources, updates on what basis the development of China's future? () < br> As President Hu Jintao said: Human resources are the primary resources. who is the problems encountered in the development will be resolved one by one in order to resources use of energy has gone through the history of firewood, coal, oil three times the energy. In the era firewood, mainly borrowed from the animal power, wind (windmills), water (water tankers); 1765, the British invention of Watt's steam engine, making the former The almost ; non-resources coal, oil age, people need only spend a fraction of income can buy the necessary energy. future energy percentage of revenue will be even more reduced. energy every breakthrough in standards of living have led to improved quality. ()
now, it seems like a great energy, but only a temporary problem, and because China has abundant coal (also sufficient to use a hundred years), and water resources, to survive, and not to increase the population by reducing the per capita resources Chinese born after 1970, 700 million, even though a child will not grow, but also to the 2046 order to reduce to 7 million, but that time has basically loss of fertility of women, the Chinese people will be extinct, while the energy at that time is not a problem. a few years later, with the fusion [17], solar [18], hydrogen energy, biomass, geothermal, wind, ocean energy, tidal energy, wave energy, ocean thermal energy and salinity difference can, ice can, antimatter energy and other new energy development and utilization [19], human beings have entered a cheap and limitless energy era. energy problem once solved, other issues such as water resources (water recycling, purification, recycling, water transfer etc.), the food problem (low energy, the artificial light can make the land completely in the next room high-rise buildings, greatly reducing the cultivated land area and water needs of the use; energy low, the fertilizer is not a problem, fertilizer costs will be reduced, the Health Fertilizer can provide organic fertilizer material), environmental issues (the current release because of the pollution of coal and oil account for a large proportion), also can be resolved or eased. ()
8, the agricultural policies affecting food security and population structure not cultivated
Lester, director of the Worldwatch Institute, United States b Brown in 1994, which caused a sensation. Brown, compared to Japan, South Korea and Taiwan's industrialization process, that the process of industrialization because of food shortages caused by reduction of arable land. many people as Brown's forecast population problem in China has sounded the alarm, that in order to ensure food security, we must limit the population to continue family planning. Brown's prediction time span of 40 years: from 1990 to 2030. Over the past 15 years, Brown's forecasts have proven wrong. Zhensheng Academy has been refuted by the fact that the Brown opinion [20 ]. ()
Mr. Brown's forecast of China's population is untenable, he said, look at China's population growth in the first 40 years the number, you can let 40 years after the huge population growth become very clear .1950 ~ 1990, China's population increased by 571 million; take into account after a certain period of slow population growth factors, is expected to increase from 1990 to 2030, 4.9 billion or more. 1,143 million in 1990 China's population, according to Mr. Brown's prediction, China's population in 2000 1.307 billion, an increase of 10 163 million, but the fifth census in 2000 revealed that only 1.243 billion, an increase of only 100 million for 10 years, Bi Bulang forecast 40% less. Brown said 2017 China's population will reach 15 million 2045 16.6 million. In fact, not only the implementation of China's one-child policy in 1980, and the complete cessation of family planning, China's population can barely reach Brown's forecasts (and to achieve this figure, China's grain even no problem). ()
Brown to Japan, South Korea and Taiwan in the process of industrialization of 1.2% average annual reduction of arable land on fact, predicted that China's per capita arable land in 1990 from 0.08 hectares (1.2 acres ) decreased to 0.03 in 2030 hectares (0.45 acres), the prospects very serious concern. China's cultivated land will be reduced by half. Brown, is used in the last century 80's and 90's tradition of China's National Bureau of arable land, these data than was using satellite remote sensing of cultivated land area of serious small. According to the 2002 FAO data, China's 143 million hectares of cultivated land to population in 1990 was 0.125 ha per capita, not Brown, that the 0.08 ha. ()
reduction of cultivated area in China in recent years, mainly because the government requires ecological restoration, for example, 2002,2003 and 2004 accounted for a net ecological restoration area to reduce area of 84.5%, 88.2% and 91.6%. less arable land, only a small part of the land belonging to industrial and transportation. Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, arising in the course of industrialization of industrial and transportation land use of farmland, affecting food security, because these areas the proportion of total land area of agricultural land is too low. such as Japan and Korea, respectively, of agricultural land land area of only 14.2% and 19.6%, while the agricultural land area in China accounts for 59.4% of land area. After the occupation of China's industrialization will be far lower than the proportion of agricultural land in Japan, South Korea and China Taiwan. and the reduction of arable land in Japan and other regions, and also incomplete because of industrialization and use of farmland, but because of international food prices, there is not enough manpower engaged in agriculture, increasing forest cover in these areas as evidenced by the past, good farmland is converted to forest. ()
that is, Brown said the industrial and transport use of farmland will result in reduction of arable land in China which led to food shortages in China's view is untenable.
1979, after years of reform and opening up, because the household contract system and the state grain purchase and the price increase, greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of farmers, from 1980 to 1984, China's grain production increased rapidly. in the food year after year to increase production situation, the beginning of 1985 to the inhibition of food production policy, the abolition of food purchase and, to contract ordering, ordering food practice ; down Panax the effective stimulation of food technology promotion system of agricultural science and technology issues, failure to promote), and dampen the production of major grain producing areas and the FAO initiative, resulting in reduced grain sown area, total grain output in 1989 is only the level of 1984 .1990 years after the Government attaches great importance to food production, from inputs of capital and policies take a variety of ways to encourage the development of grain production, China's grain production decline out of stagnation in 1998 to 5.12 million tonnes (mainly attributable to increased yields, Because grain acreage since 1980, also down slightly.) grain glut, not buy out of state warehouses were full. national leaders for food is not the issue, Premier Zhu Rongji declared that Since 1999, China's grain production has emerged a continuous decline, and the grain sown area, yield and the overall decline in total output. By 2003, only 431 million tons of grain output. China declined in recent years, the nature of food production economic causes of the sharp decline in food production. farmers to sell food since 1995 the average price decline for many years, and the decrease greatly. the average selling price of grain in 1995 was 1.50 per kg, but by 2000 has dropped to less than 1 yuan / kg, a decrease of 36%. And yet the price of agricultural means of production continued to rise In 1995, net output in food production to reach 5,700 yuan / ha, but has rapidly decreased in subsequent years, only 2000 2900 yuan / ha [21] the Central Government to re-.2004 grain sown area for all the increase. visible impact food production per capita agricultural policy rather than land. ()
and with the economic, social and agricultural technology, future, green, white and blue tri-color agriculture into agricultural the direction of development [22].
green ecological agriculture based on green plants produce food by photosynthesis of chlorophyll agriculture. At present, China does not fully cultivated land in China there are about 2 / 3 of the arable land is in the low-yielding fields, tons grain co-founder of the Northern Agricultural University Professor Wang Shuan that the yield per unit area of agricultural land there is considerable potential to improve. good job quality and high yield varieties, mulching, fertilization, dry farming, water-saving irrigation, modeling cultivation of low-yielding farmland, adjusting the agricultural structure, agricultural storage and preservation, processing of agricultural products, vegetables and other promotional items such as counter-season cultivation, green ecological agriculture in China has great potential. China's 60 million mu of grassland is still on the contribution of the current food low potential. ()
white is protein engineering of agricultural engineering, cell engineering and enzyme engineering for the foundation, because it is a high degree of cleanliness in the factory of production, everyone will wear white overalls in labor, so the image of land called the about 5 million tons, such as the use of 100 million tons by microbial fermentation into a feed, you can be equivalent to 400 billion kilograms of feed grain, feed grain in China each year, 50%. an annual output of 100,000 tons a single cell protein microbial factories that can produce the equivalent of 180 million mu of farmland production of soy protein, or 3 million mu of grassland cattle animal protein produced. In recent years, our country has produced bio-fertilizers, bio pesticides, veterinary drugs and antibiotics, vaccines , growth regulating agents. ()
blue sea to agriculture to food. China has 300 million square kilometers of ocean area, the potential of marine farming are also high. of 18,000 km of coastline, only within 200 meters of continental coastline development and utilization of offshore can have at least 22 million mu. According to the present study estimated that two acres of coastal land, an acre of fertile land with an area equivalent to the 11 million acres of blue is waiting for us to develop good land use. ()
appropriate protection of arable land is correct, because our grandparents to spend tremendous efforts reclaimed land, in agricultural applications of new technology has not been large-scale waste should not be before the rush, so be careful returning farmland to forest, and in addition to land, the future many ecological agriculture requires land (such as eco-energy). but there is no need to overreact, appropriate industrial land is necessary, do not affect the process of industrialization. ()
visible from the resource perspective, the food is not a problem. but m is a phenomenon worth noting that the lack of agricultural population that may affect China's food security. because of industrialization, as the city water like a sponge absorbing the rural labor force, but China as the family planning will result in the future over the rural farming population decreased, and rural farming The population structure malformations (the proportion of young adults too), resulting in reduced agricultural productivity. in the future China's food security threat is not the reduction of agricultural land, but farming's young farmers over decreased, no farming. () < br> 2005 in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, the labor force engaged in agricultural production were only 2.4% of the total population, 3.2%, 2.8%. As Japan and other regions of the food self-sufficiency rate of only 40%, means that Japan's food in a population of 100 40 individual food is a Japanese farmers from 2.4 (for each individual farmer to feed 16.7; U.S. farmers to more efficiently; the per capita agricultural land resources factors, the efficiency of China's future will be between Japan and the U.S. intervention), and 60 people's food is imported. Japan imported food is not enough arable land, but by the impact of international food prices. ()
Japan's national small to affect the international grain market, China must ensure an adequate labor force engaged in agriculture production, on the one hand to ensure grain self-sufficiency, on the other hand make full use of the vast agricultural land, or they will be a great loss. and the future structure of the international industrial structure and consumption may be adjusted, will increase the proportion of ecological agriculture (such as fuel ethanol, bio- diesel, bio-plastics are all required labor.) urbanization, when the labor force in the lessons, but also pay attention to the rural labor force structure and knowledge structure, if people are sick and elderly in the farming, the future will face food problem. ( )
If China had completely stopped in 1980, family planning, then, to 2035 when the labor force than the actual increase in more than 200 million, the 2 million people as long as 1 / 5 engaged in agricultural production, enough to feed all of the country has a population of half. ()
9, family planning hindered the process of urbanization in China
2005 years of China's first, second, the proportion of tertiary industry were 49% (29.7% of the total population), 22% 29%, equivalent to 1950 in Japan, South Korea, the situation in 1970. The Japanese population in 1980, the primary industry decreased to 10.4%, South Korea, the first industry in 1995, the population decreased to 12.5% [23] .22005, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, in labor force in agricultural production 4.6% respectively of the total labor force, 6.4%, 6%, respectively, 2.4% of the total population, 3.2%, 2.8%. These three regions account for the current population of the employed population of industrial employment, 30% (of the total population about 15%), service sector employment accounted for 64% of the employed population (accounting for about 32% of the total population). ()
China's urbanization process will not in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, as well as China's old age of the drag, the Chinese there had been no population structure in these regions so good. in Korea, for example, according to South Korean National Bureau of Statistics figures released in 2002, the elderly aged 65 and above the proportion of the total national population in 2000 was 7.3% ( the same level as in China), 2019, will reach 14%, to 2026 when more than 20%. Our population structure in South Korea as the the level of urbanization. China's future population situation?
2003 under the State Family Planning Commission forecast, 2035 China's elderly population will reach 65 292 million. now stop, and to encourage family planning, fertility, then China's total population by 2035 to reach 14.49 billion, compared to 20.1% in aging, which, according to the then, the Chinese population of only 1.254 billion by 2035, aging as high as 23.3%, which, according to the billion. ()
In other words, China wants to carry the 292 million into the city of the elderly population. One is to support so many elderly people, an objective the need to increase the labor force in agriculture and secondary industry (which is a rigid demand), On the other hand to take care of the elderly in rural areas, hindering their children into the city. In addition, China is not like Japan, South Korea, like a lot of food imports, leaving a sufficient number of workers needed in agriculture. resulted in the transfer of rural labor weakness, low proportion of tertiary industry, delayed the process of urbanization. the one hand, labor shortage, food shortage on the one hand, national leaders will face difficult decisions. ()
10, China's extensive model of development instead of style development. According to the NDRC data: In 2003 China's GDP accounted for only 4% of total world GDP, it consumes the equivalent of 30% of the global total primary energy and raw materials, of which oil accounted for 7.4 of total world %, iron and steel accounted for 27%, coal 31%, alumina 25%, 40% of cement. At present the output level of unit resources, the U.S. equivalent of 1 / 10, Japan 1 / 20 German 1 / 6 . Total Employment in the labor productivity is only about U.S. 1 / 46, Japan 1 / 41, France 1 / 34, Germany 1 / 32. Even in purchasing power, the consumption of resources per unit of GDP is far higher than the world average. ()
According to 33% lower than in developed countries by about 10 percentage points. steel, cement, paper and cardboard comprehensive energy consumption per unit of product than the international advanced level by 40%, 45% and 120%. In addition, the total recovery of mineral resources in China is probably is 30% lower than the advanced level of 20 percentage points; of building energy efficiency, building high-energy problems are acute, building energy consumption is higher than the advanced level more than 50% [24]. Our unit GDP energy consumption in Japan 7 times, 6 times the United States, or even 2.8 times that of India [25]. Since the low level of resource use, waste discharge standards in China is much higher than developed countries, each additional unit of GDP than in developed countries, wastewater discharge 4 times , unit of industrial output value of the solid waste more than 10 times higher than in developed countries. ()
advantage of China's most rational use of grassland resources are not, per capita consumption of dairy products in China is only 6 kg, 180 kg in Europe, USA 240 kg, 120 kg in Japan, India 80 kg. China is also very extensive use of grassland, feeding not standardized. unreasonable in the market, leading to a structural surplus of animal husbandry products, dairy products per capita in China is on the one hand less, herdsmen are forced to discard the other hand, a large number of pigs used to feed livestock or milk. inefficient use of China's grassland is another reason for the irrational industrial chain, such as that in the whole dairy milk production chain, processing and marketing of the profit ratio of 1:3.5:5.5, showing the interest of the majority of dairy farmers a minimum. herders in the whole industrial chain, because income is too low, in order to increase revenue, they can only overgrazing. normal farming make money some places on the export of black goat breeding, goat grass scratching hi, great destructive effect on the grassland, has paid a heavy price for m soil erosion, into a vicious cycle of poverty continues; and developed countries, little goats. China Many pastoralists or traditional stocking, big damage to the environment, and benefit from increased several times into captivity, there is no damage to the environment. For example, the raising of 220 long goat, if the original stocking methods, the need for 5,500 acres of pasture to ensure . But the switch to captivity, the 100 acres of pasture enough, and the annual output of each sheep flock has also increased more than 4 times the amount of [26]. can be seen as rational use and management of grassland resources in China there is huge potential. In recent years, done a good job in this area in Inner Mongolia, pastoral livestock products and increasing incomes, has also been restored pasture growth. vegetation cover of 13 million mu in 1999 increased to 17.5 million mu in 2004. ()
China per capita consumption of fresh water were equivalent to the world average of 1 / 4, but the Israeli equivalent of 9 times. China now has six provinces and autonomous regions (Ningxia, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Jiangsu) low per capita water resources than 500 cubic meters, but is higher than Israel. International experience shows that the concept of water as long as the correct, scientific and rational system of water use patterns, in the natural conditions in Israel than in many parts of western China is even worse, Israel 2 / 3 of the land is desert and barren mountains, only 260 cubic meters per capita water resources, due to the desert and other reasons, less available water resources. However, in order to overcome them water bottlenecks, The invention of the last century, the world's 60 most water-saving drip irrigation technology, and the construction of 145 km of water pipelines from the north water diversion into the desert. the effective utilization of irrigation water up to 80% or more, per cubic meter of water production capacity of 2 kg or more, and our only 0.87 kg [27]. Israel is also home to live on a heavy water-saving toilets have two buttons mm, with a small water urine, stool with a flood. ()
developed countries paid great attention to water conservation and the use of rain water, many countries and through the legal and tax measures to raise national awareness of water conservation, encourage the implementation of water recycling and rainwater utilization [28]. Before the new district is currently in Germany, regardless of industrial, commercial or residential area, are used to design stormwater facilities, absence of rainwater utilization measures, the government will levy fees and stormwater drainage facilities, drainage fees. the United States often used to enhance the natural rainwater infiltration capacity for the purpose. Some of the state legislature , the implementation of a compulsory . ()
country of Japan has a maritime climate, rain, water rich than that of China. However, lack of resources in Japan know the valuable water resources, water can be described as well-meaning in life. deep into the life of each aspects. For some people off the tap in public places, the phenomenon of forgetting, Japan adopted the approach of installing sensors. a lot of squatting-type toilet flushing toilet when the points difference between the good times out of water. major companies in the development of home appliances products when they pay attention to water conservation. Some stores even provided equipment such as toilet water saving must be to sell. For example, every household in Japan to use water-saving toilets to save water than traditional toilets more than 30%. Hitachi has developed the third generation of washing machines washing machine water is only 40% of the second generation [29]. Japan has also established a water system, is to bath water, washing machines, water drainage and other life concentrated in one, through treatment, after purification, and then used to flush toilets, washing , road watering, watering flowers and trees, etc. [30]. ()
However, the Chinese are generally not water-saving awareness. very serious waste of water, is the world's poorest spendthrift [31]. Chinese cities and the North per capita water rich in resources does not, however, China is the largest country in the world's water consumption. Only in 2002, the national water consumption reached 549.7 billion cubic meters to take, about the world in 13% of the amount taken, the United States in 1995, the supply of fresh water 470 billion cubic meters of about 1.2 times. output efficiency of water per cubic meter, the world average is 37 U.S. dollars, China's only 2 dollars, 93 dollars the United Kingdom, Japan is $ 55, Germany $ 51 million in GDP in China .2002 water 537 cubic meters, equivalent to 4 times the world average; industrial water recycling rate of less than 60%, far lower than developed countries the level of 75% m85%, steel production units such as the international advanced level than water several times or even several times higher; agricultural irrigation water use coefficient is only 0.4m0.45, well below the advanced level of 0.7m0.8. ()
is a serious shortage of water in Ningxia region, is the water at least one of the provinces, but in some parts of Ningxia, about a year per acre of rice poured more than 2000 cubic meters of water, an acre of wheat had more than 1200 cubic meters of water. the general utilization of water resources in rural China is only about 40% . In Ningxia, rice consumption per kg over two tonnes. flood irrigation of crops not only no good, but is caused by soil salinization of the most fundamental reason. ()
by a large number of over-exploitation of groundwater in Hebei Province to cover up the extreme shortage of this important fact.
in Henan, street washing, lawn maintenance, etc. are used in tap water, some high-end bath, beauty shop, not only water and more, and the lack of wastewater recycling equipment, fixed assets investment in demonstration projects almost no water content, some high water consumption industries to extensive way inexorably consume increasingly scarce water resources. ()
China's current urban water price is low, the Government introduced subsidies on the loss ....
Monday, December 27, 2010
Deep philosophy
None of us are not immortal, no matter how famous you are powerful, enormous riches, supernatural powers, more general, are all ordinary people, it is true not only of flesh and blood, thinking, and need to survive the live, naturally, there will be fun! have fun! a joy! will also be busy! are depressed! have no choice! many more disappointments!
None of us, like, naked to the world, will empty-handed to're dead away! life for decades, is quite short, when we drive away when the crane, who can take away from the earth what?
people always cherish comparisons of the heart, always thinking, are is, why people have the money than I have money, than I be happy? We who are envious of successful people unlimited Li Ka-shing, do nothing, none of us are not Li Ka-shing's children and grandchildren! who can not give up this life, be born again and become Li Ka-shing among a family! Buddha said: , none of us Ming Wu!
the work in terms of, or in life, we all have deep or shallow or too unpleasant to face. whom the depression, pain, and even grief! Thus, breeding resentment, and even vengeance. Friends! Buddhist saying goes: not someone to make me worry, but I take someone's words and deeds to trouble himself! Many, many people do not when the ; perfect would you angry? will be sad and painful it? In fact, you completely in another state of mind to face! to highlight their own content, generosity and extraordinary temperament!
Society of silence
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Sometimes, you have been misunderstood, you do not want to argue, so I chose silence. Actually, not everyone can and must understand you, so you should be calm. and even, sometimes, you are favorite misunderstood, and you do not want to argue to the sad, silent and only choice! the whole world can not understand you, but people should know their favorite it! if he (she) can not even understand, what say? life, often even the living Buddha is the moment nothing to say, after all, not all out clearly right and wrong, even, might simply not true with non. So, do not want to talk to not to speak, in more than just words, when, perhaps, silence is the best explanation!
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at least calm
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fall into the life of your the trough, all the people around you tell you: be strong, and, be happy! strong, it is absolutely necessary, but happy? In this case, I am afraid is too difficult for you. After all, who can fall badly beaten in their own time also felt happy? However, you can at least be quiet. look at this matter calmly, calmly deal with the other things that deal. calm, with no joy, no no Happy.
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Institute bend, this will be my windfall -
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and other differences of opinion occur, and even result in verbal conflict, therefore, You sad, because you think other people are malicious. Do not bear a grudge it! home to wipe the floor now. carry a piece of cloth, bent down, knees touched the ground before you back and forth to every corner of this floor to wipe clean . then reflect upon their own in that conflict, have said every word. Now, you find yourself actually there is something wrong place, is not it? you gradually calm, eh? Sometimes, you have to learn bending , because this action can make you humble. labor body at the same time, you also clears up your mood. And you also have a floor Zhang Guangjie it. This is your second harvest.
- < br> Do not think about fried noodles or fried rice, affecting not seem to, but choose what to read, departments, do work, marry or not marry, or have children, are far-reaching implications of each choice, and different choices will surely bring a completely different life . life can not bear the emotional, is that life is not important to the opportunity ah. himself, or stop to say more. Each fork of choice, in fact, no real good or bad, as long as life as their own, unique creation, not frequently look back on ; the original soft and firm entwined, you touched on the quiet beauty of the scene. so happy with the attribution of this stop it. you think. I do not know what the future will see some wind and rain Cuizhe? may be broken vines, trees will fall, perhaps days, will be shortage, to be old. Perhaps you are journeying Daixiang: Make it at the moment stuck in time. stop cell that is eternal. eternity, if the quiet beauty of the moment, the future may experience all kinds of catastrophe, had already been comforted and compensation.
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kept simple
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because the minds of too many, so you often put your life complicated. obviously are living in now, you was always obsessed with the past and worried thinking about the future; insists on bringing the past and future and present colleagues, of course, your life is only one clear-cut. but simply a state of grace. simply to feel the weather change the skin, simply to enjoy the nasal cavity after the rain the grass fragrance, simply command the distant mountains to the eye like a painting. simply live in the moment. The current non-genuine and in fact does not matter. Since there is no right and wrong, you do not thoughtful; not true or false to not obsessed and worried. no non-genuine, not like in a dream it? Yes, to simply your life as a dream to perform it.
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occasional After endless tears fall series. listen to more classical music, sometimes you also want to sing love him and hate him for a hundred years of pop music. you know, healthy food on the stomach and intestines sense, the master's plays sense of a lady, classical music to enhance a meaningful spirituality, but, you're concerned about, pray for his always live so meaningful. life without tying themselves too tightly. the occasional small indulgence is No breach of morality. occasionally cheesy, will be more approachable.
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control their emotions, do not waste
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If today you are not happy, between the words because someone stabbed you. you do not like to quarrel, so you walked out; But you just left the incident to make you sad place, but did not leave the situation been hurt, so the more you want more angry. the more gas, the more you have no strength to ignore the other things, many more that do and do it, think about it, to handle the event, to diffuse to the sky in your being upset, by your neglect , were you ignored, omitted by you. because you just get angry. in the mood to make a fuss, this is for their own waste, but it is bad to waste. After all, anger is also takes effort, and some debilitating anger. So clever, friend, do not let emotions control you, when you have to get angry before, we might remind ourselves that a whisper: -
seize the best opportunity to not miss
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you ever bought something very like the clothes but do not want to wear, solemnly enshrined in the closet; a long time later, when When you see it again, but found that it is obsolete. So, you so and it missed. you have to buy a piece of cake but do not want to eat beautiful, solemnly enshrined in the refrigerator; a long time, when you re- see it, only to find that it has expired. So, you have this and it missed. not when the upper body in the most favorite clothes, no time to enjoy the most delicious cake, as most did not want to do time to do, is regrettable. life has expired, do want to do this as early as possible. If you just wish you solemnly enshrined in the heart, but not to implement, the only result is that with It missed, as that piece of clothing out of date, as outdated piece of cake.
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occasional out of orbit
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a time you ride the train going to a place to go, spur of the moment in the middle of it all of a sudden the car, G B. perhaps you fancy names to attract, perhaps by chance a glimpse of the landscape touched you, in short, you change the originally scheduled this trip, and then experienced a journey full of unexpected surprises. hectare of land is your original goal, one place makes you feel a little adventure. recall, you said it was a derailment make your experience memorable. Many of life not also the case when? focused exclusively on the sole purpose of went, but the trip is to fulfill the original only; leave the default track, you have a chance to find other scenery.
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- < br> quietly, quietly, regression calm
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There was a time, you're down, or even too lazy to draw the curtains, looking out of the sun. So of course you forget to take a look , the window sill that will need to drink a pot of daffodils every day. so I do not know how long, finally one day, you had a low mood, but also think of your daffodils. My God, poor flowers, she alive? you gingerly opened the curtains, the wind was surprised to find her swagger, Hua Yan Keju. had in the past these days, though you forgot to feed her to drink water, no one forgot the rain God rest her then . many things quietly outside your line of sight, and silently arranged themselves. All things in nature, day care to all things, in fact, do not worry ...... you have to do is to do yourself, do not stay any regrets ... suffice!
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1, the most important in life is not hard, not hard, but a choice.
2, the boss can only give one position, can not give a future. the stage is bigger, Renzouchaliang.
3, accident and tomorrow do not know which came first. no crisis is the biggest crisis is
like to meet is the biggest trap.
4, see heard to change his life, unwittingly ruined his life.
5, business, can control the effort and investment, but can not control the results.
life his day to find a way out, frustrated when the only way out, BMW has a spare tire, Your life is what?
6, the number of the world, talented losers, the world's unemployed, many highly educated people travel
- because the wrong choice.
7, under the Note, to win again ; with the right people, win I..
8, learning as knowledge, knowledge is better work, better work life.
9, do not know what's what, Half a bitter; not know who I of suffering.
10, life is not is to live long and short, but to the insight of early and late.
11, a man doing things, to treat people: teachers who re-king, who re-Friends of the gangsters, who has been dead weight.
12, without a goal is never A man went to work.
13, three stages of life: more than talent; than financial; than the state.
14, who if his own box in a certain range, it is easy to restrict their thinking and
pattern.
15, the advantage of today's trends will be replaced tomorrow, grasp the trend, grasp the future.
16, read a lot better than traveling thousands of miles, traveling thousands of miles than reading countless people, reading people Numerous
as teacher directions. The teacher is easy, that learning is hard to find.
17, education represents the past, financial representatives present, to future learning ability.
18, can go far in life, watching and Who peers; have much success, to see who is pointing.
19, smart people can read, see quasi-smart people, smart people look far.
20, life is not successful, success is temporary a; life success, unsuccessful is temporary.
remember these words
he will help you become more perfect!
Remember
trouble again, do not forget to smile; re anxious Also note that tone;
she sees do not forget to adhere to; No matter how tired, but also love yourself.
low-key life, you will sound every time
; high-profile work, you will fine every time.
Do not forget the success of the past; fail the next time do not forget.
expected to get to work, no hope of do not mind, would look good posture, regardless of winning or losing.
Life is not a single line, a road dead, you can turn.
the chemical composition of tears and sweat are similar, but the former can only sympathize with you in exchange for the latter but can you win
success.
compulsory life growing old course, become mature is elective.
to exercise-based, learn health; to repair into the oriented, learn to seek knowledge;
to Jinde oriented, learn; to adapt based, learning to survive.
Life four basic principles: know how to choose and learn to give,
loneliness, and can withstand the temptation.
When all low-key, you can high-profile, but not out of tune.
learn to forget the technology of life, learn to smile is the art of living.
what is good work: one does not affect the lifestyle,
II does not affect the family reunion,
three feed their families.
like rust Like the body more energy than physical exertion.
best way to make dreams come true is to wake up.
philosophers worry, wise man always fun. not because he loved all have, and
He is owned by all the love.
life there are several things that must not be lost: the power of self, a cool head, hope
hope and confidence.
slowly learned
01 . slowly learned that someone else cares too often hurt themselves
02. slowly learned of their good people will less and less over time,
03. slowly know that a person should own their own good, because very few people really care about you, they do not have things around you will.
so to take care of themselves 04. slowly to know, be true not necessarily a good return man, and you may tend to ignore the most attention to your,
05. slowly learned that many things can be met without resort, and a lot of things only once, br> 06. slowly learned that love is not necessarily true, there may be interest, there may be psychological comparisons,
07. slowly learned what not to argue with others, because that is not results, regardless of who is right,
08. slowly learned that many times their own unhappy experience things other people do not want sympathy, most people will take the cold retaliate.
that would be more let people look down on,
09. slowly learned that there are many things that do not belong to you, you are liable to-day sent a hard force,
10. slowly learned not to do everything meaningful, but to do everything that is a memory!
11. slowly learned that differences in personality to be so large,
12. slowly learned that many had people you do not recognize capricious, but please retain memories.
13. slowly learned that from now on you can be sure grasp of each person, you are unable to retain the people to give up, do not because we wanted to retain a group of individuals who have lost the
.
14. slowly know that he must care about their own self-esteem, but your self-esteem in the eyes of others is nothing,
15. slowly learned not to feel bad when people get angry around, you want them to understand, people are not your parents, and now you
can understand how important their parents,
16. slowly know, even if it was emotional to see does not matter, you must firmly believe that the feelings between people, it is possible that everything will not go beyond
, but remember, it might,
17. Slow slow know, the original reality so helpless .18. slowly learned that many of their encounter could not understand people and things, but none of your business, people love Zezheng as he, should not students Students
gas, worth,
20. slowly learned that two people together who may not be friends, there may be nothing,
21. slowly learned will encounter many temptations, no matter how others like you is you, you have your principles and bottom line,
22. slowly learned that someone will hate you or make life difficult for you, but he loves how to to how, we have to, generous, and the villain
not care about, but only if you correctly,
23. slowly learned that many people can not understand the relationship between men and women friends, together, they must are lovers, not lovers will certainly not be
together,
24. slowly to know, learning to be hard, because with smart people who can meet the test subjects is a Feng Mao Ling Kok,
25. Slowly he realized the time is so boring down a spare, and no sense of secondary enrichment,
26. slowly learned that the phone is something people use when looking for you, not to share feelings The
27. slowly learned that the owner can not be friends, but do not put a person as an enemy, at least when the students,
28. slowly learned to play you can play played, do not afford to play, or will lose nothing at all,
29. slowly learned that happiness often come from memories, and painful memories and reality often comes from the gap, br> 30. slowly learned that hip-hop slapstick only entertainment only, and past smoking fight is ignorance.
31. slowly learned that there are many people you can not understand the ideas and practices or do not know what he was thinking, do not guess at that
Mount or guessing and that will make your tired, since people want to keep it and let people maintain a sense of mystery to ah, but it is not a diviner,
32. slowly learned not to own to how high, there is no absolute victory, there is no absolute failure
33, slowly learned that life is a lot of unfair , you have to face, believe in the power and people's eyes,
34. slowly learned that sometimes may not be imagined brotherhood so beautiful, only you give enough other people have probably been the genuine
treatment.
35. slowly learned that some people constantly calculating, at the end has come to lose badly, so it should be to maintain a peaceful heart!
36. slowly learned that there is thing is not his own wish, but some things have to go to complete, that is a
their special training.
37, slowly learned that two people with the original or true or false, time together, or occupies an important component.
38. slowly learned that the root idea of the gap between reality and must be alive, to keep up pace of life!
39. slowly know that he also growing up, not a child, and adapt to the growth of everything.
40. slowly learned not to own to how high, there is no absolute victory, there is no absolute failure.
41 slowly learned that giving people a good line in the future the true meaning of
meet, no permanent enemies only permanent friends, so everything must not
to do, things outcome is that out of your mouth.
42. slowly learned to play no matter how good friends have to lose, but we still have to optimistic, if true to his (her)
as their friend should he (she) wishes. Looking! just do their own doing.
43 slowly learned to accept their society slowly, so slowly have to learn to adapt.
None of us, like, naked to the world, will empty-handed to're dead away! life for decades, is quite short, when we drive away when the crane, who can take away from the earth what?
people always cherish comparisons of the heart, always thinking, are is, why people have the money than I have money, than I be happy? We who are envious of successful people unlimited Li Ka-shing, do nothing, none of us are not Li Ka-shing's children and grandchildren! who can not give up this life, be born again and become Li Ka-shing among a family! Buddha said: , none of us Ming Wu!
the work in terms of, or in life, we all have deep or shallow or too unpleasant to face. whom the depression, pain, and even grief! Thus, breeding resentment, and even vengeance. Friends! Buddhist saying goes: not someone to make me worry, but I take someone's words and deeds to trouble himself! Many, many people do not when the ; perfect would you angry? will be sad and painful it? In fact, you completely in another state of mind to face! to highlight their own content, generosity and extraordinary temperament!
Society of silence
- < br> -
Sometimes, you have been misunderstood, you do not want to argue, so I chose silence. Actually, not everyone can and must understand you, so you should be calm. and even, sometimes, you are favorite misunderstood, and you do not want to argue to the sad, silent and only choice! the whole world can not understand you, but people should know their favorite it! if he (she) can not even understand, what say? life, often even the living Buddha is the moment nothing to say, after all, not all out clearly right and wrong, even, might simply not true with non. So, do not want to talk to not to speak, in more than just words, when, perhaps, silence is the best explanation!
-
-
at least calm
-
-
fall into the life of your the trough, all the people around you tell you: be strong, and, be happy! strong, it is absolutely necessary, but happy? In this case, I am afraid is too difficult for you. After all, who can fall badly beaten in their own time also felt happy? However, you can at least be quiet. look at this matter calmly, calmly deal with the other things that deal. calm, with no joy, no no Happy.
-
- -
Institute bend, this will be my windfall -
-
and other differences of opinion occur, and even result in verbal conflict, therefore, You sad, because you think other people are malicious. Do not bear a grudge it! home to wipe the floor now. carry a piece of cloth, bent down, knees touched the ground before you back and forth to every corner of this floor to wipe clean . then reflect upon their own in that conflict, have said every word. Now, you find yourself actually there is something wrong place, is not it? you gradually calm, eh? Sometimes, you have to learn bending , because this action can make you humble. labor body at the same time, you also clears up your mood. And you also have a floor Zhang Guangjie it. This is your second harvest.
- < br> Do not think about fried noodles or fried rice, affecting not seem to, but choose what to read, departments, do work, marry or not marry, or have children, are far-reaching implications of each choice, and different choices will surely bring a completely different life . life can not bear the emotional, is that life is not important to the opportunity ah. himself, or stop to say more. Each fork of choice, in fact, no real good or bad, as long as life as their own, unique creation, not frequently look back on ; the original soft and firm entwined, you touched on the quiet beauty of the scene. so happy with the attribution of this stop it. you think. I do not know what the future will see some wind and rain Cuizhe? may be broken vines, trees will fall, perhaps days, will be shortage, to be old. Perhaps you are journeying Daixiang: Make it at the moment stuck in time. stop cell that is eternal. eternity, if the quiet beauty of the moment, the future may experience all kinds of catastrophe, had already been comforted and compensation.
-
-
kept simple
-
-
because the minds of too many, so you often put your life complicated. obviously are living in now, you was always obsessed with the past and worried thinking about the future; insists on bringing the past and future and present colleagues, of course, your life is only one clear-cut. but simply a state of grace. simply to feel the weather change the skin, simply to enjoy the nasal cavity after the rain the grass fragrance, simply command the distant mountains to the eye like a painting. simply live in the moment. The current non-genuine and in fact does not matter. Since there is no right and wrong, you do not thoughtful; not true or false to not obsessed and worried. no non-genuine, not like in a dream it? Yes, to simply your life as a dream to perform it.
-
-
occasional After endless tears fall series. listen to more classical music, sometimes you also want to sing love him and hate him for a hundred years of pop music. you know, healthy food on the stomach and intestines sense, the master's plays sense of a lady, classical music to enhance a meaningful spirituality, but, you're concerned about, pray for his always live so meaningful. life without tying themselves too tightly. the occasional small indulgence is No breach of morality. occasionally cheesy, will be more approachable.
-
-
control their emotions, do not waste
-
-
If today you are not happy, between the words because someone stabbed you. you do not like to quarrel, so you walked out; But you just left the incident to make you sad place, but did not leave the situation been hurt, so the more you want more angry. the more gas, the more you have no strength to ignore the other things, many more that do and do it, think about it, to handle the event, to diffuse to the sky in your being upset, by your neglect , were you ignored, omitted by you. because you just get angry. in the mood to make a fuss, this is for their own waste, but it is bad to waste. After all, anger is also takes effort, and some debilitating anger. So clever, friend, do not let emotions control you, when you have to get angry before, we might remind ourselves that a whisper: -
seize the best opportunity to not miss
-
-
you ever bought something very like the clothes but do not want to wear, solemnly enshrined in the closet; a long time later, when When you see it again, but found that it is obsolete. So, you so and it missed. you have to buy a piece of cake but do not want to eat beautiful, solemnly enshrined in the refrigerator; a long time, when you re- see it, only to find that it has expired. So, you have this and it missed. not when the upper body in the most favorite clothes, no time to enjoy the most delicious cake, as most did not want to do time to do, is regrettable. life has expired, do want to do this as early as possible. If you just wish you solemnly enshrined in the heart, but not to implement, the only result is that with It missed, as that piece of clothing out of date, as outdated piece of cake.
-
-
occasional out of orbit
-
-
a time you ride the train going to a place to go, spur of the moment in the middle of it all of a sudden the car, G B. perhaps you fancy names to attract, perhaps by chance a glimpse of the landscape touched you, in short, you change the originally scheduled this trip, and then experienced a journey full of unexpected surprises. hectare of land is your original goal, one place makes you feel a little adventure. recall, you said it was a derailment make your experience memorable. Many of life not also the case when? focused exclusively on the sole purpose of went, but the trip is to fulfill the original only; leave the default track, you have a chance to find other scenery.
-
-
- < br> quietly, quietly, regression calm
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-
There was a time, you're down, or even too lazy to draw the curtains, looking out of the sun. So of course you forget to take a look , the window sill that will need to drink a pot of daffodils every day. so I do not know how long, finally one day, you had a low mood, but also think of your daffodils. My God, poor flowers, she alive? you gingerly opened the curtains, the wind was surprised to find her swagger, Hua Yan Keju. had in the past these days, though you forgot to feed her to drink water, no one forgot the rain God rest her then . many things quietly outside your line of sight, and silently arranged themselves. All things in nature, day care to all things, in fact, do not worry ...... you have to do is to do yourself, do not stay any regrets ... suffice!
-
-
1, the most important in life is not hard, not hard, but a choice.
2, the boss can only give one position, can not give a future. the stage is bigger, Renzouchaliang.
3, accident and tomorrow do not know which came first. no crisis is the biggest crisis is
like to meet is the biggest trap.
4, see heard to change his life, unwittingly ruined his life.
5, business, can control the effort and investment, but can not control the results.
life his day to find a way out, frustrated when the only way out, BMW has a spare tire, Your life is what?
6, the number of the world, talented losers, the world's unemployed, many highly educated people travel
- because the wrong choice.
7, under the Note, to win again ; with the right people, win I..
8, learning as knowledge, knowledge is better work, better work life.
9, do not know what's what, Half a bitter; not know who I of suffering.
10, life is not is to live long and short, but to the insight of early and late.
11, a man doing things, to treat people: teachers who re-king, who re-Friends of the gangsters, who has been dead weight.
12, without a goal is never A man went to work.
13, three stages of life: more than talent; than financial; than the state.
14, who if his own box in a certain range, it is easy to restrict their thinking and
pattern.
15, the advantage of today's trends will be replaced tomorrow, grasp the trend, grasp the future.
16, read a lot better than traveling thousands of miles, traveling thousands of miles than reading countless people, reading people Numerous
as teacher directions. The teacher is easy, that learning is hard to find.
17, education represents the past, financial representatives present, to future learning ability.
18, can go far in life, watching and Who peers; have much success, to see who is pointing.
19, smart people can read, see quasi-smart people, smart people look far.
20, life is not successful, success is temporary a; life success, unsuccessful is temporary.
remember these words
he will help you become more perfect!
Remember
trouble again, do not forget to smile; re anxious Also note that tone;
she sees do not forget to adhere to; No matter how tired, but also love yourself.
low-key life, you will sound every time
; high-profile work, you will fine every time.
Do not forget the success of the past; fail the next time do not forget.
expected to get to work, no hope of do not mind, would look good posture, regardless of winning or losing.
Life is not a single line, a road dead, you can turn.
the chemical composition of tears and sweat are similar, but the former can only sympathize with you in exchange for the latter but can you win
success.
compulsory life growing old course, become mature is elective.
to exercise-based, learn health; to repair into the oriented, learn to seek knowledge;
to Jinde oriented, learn; to adapt based, learning to survive.
Life four basic principles: know how to choose and learn to give,
loneliness, and can withstand the temptation.
When all low-key, you can high-profile, but not out of tune.
learn to forget the technology of life, learn to smile is the art of living.
what is good work: one does not affect the lifestyle,
II does not affect the family reunion,
three feed their families.
like rust Like the body more energy than physical exertion.
best way to make dreams come true is to wake up.
philosophers worry, wise man always fun. not because he loved all have, and
He is owned by all the love.
life there are several things that must not be lost: the power of self, a cool head, hope
hope and confidence.
slowly learned
01 . slowly learned that someone else cares too often hurt themselves
02. slowly learned of their good people will less and less over time,
03. slowly know that a person should own their own good, because very few people really care about you, they do not have things around you will.
so to take care of themselves 04. slowly to know, be true not necessarily a good return man, and you may tend to ignore the most attention to your,
05. slowly learned that many things can be met without resort, and a lot of things only once, br> 06. slowly learned that love is not necessarily true, there may be interest, there may be psychological comparisons,
07. slowly learned what not to argue with others, because that is not results, regardless of who is right,
08. slowly learned that many times their own unhappy experience things other people do not want sympathy, most people will take the cold retaliate.
that would be more let people look down on,
09. slowly learned that there are many things that do not belong to you, you are liable to-day sent a hard force,
10. slowly learned not to do everything meaningful, but to do everything that is a memory!
11. slowly learned that differences in personality to be so large,
12. slowly learned that many had people you do not recognize capricious, but please retain memories.
13. slowly learned that from now on you can be sure grasp of each person, you are unable to retain the people to give up, do not because we wanted to retain a group of individuals who have lost the
.
14. slowly know that he must care about their own self-esteem, but your self-esteem in the eyes of others is nothing,
15. slowly learned not to feel bad when people get angry around, you want them to understand, people are not your parents, and now you
can understand how important their parents,
16. slowly know, even if it was emotional to see does not matter, you must firmly believe that the feelings between people, it is possible that everything will not go beyond
, but remember, it might,
17. Slow slow know, the original reality so helpless .18. slowly learned that many of their encounter could not understand people and things, but none of your business, people love Zezheng as he, should not students Students
gas, worth,
20. slowly learned that two people together who may not be friends, there may be nothing,
21. slowly learned will encounter many temptations, no matter how others like you is you, you have your principles and bottom line,
22. slowly learned that someone will hate you or make life difficult for you, but he loves how to to how, we have to, generous, and the villain
not care about, but only if you correctly,
23. slowly learned that many people can not understand the relationship between men and women friends, together, they must are lovers, not lovers will certainly not be
together,
24. slowly to know, learning to be hard, because with smart people who can meet the test subjects is a Feng Mao Ling Kok,
25. Slowly he realized the time is so boring down a spare, and no sense of secondary enrichment,
26. slowly learned that the phone is something people use when looking for you, not to share feelings The
27. slowly learned that the owner can not be friends, but do not put a person as an enemy, at least when the students,
28. slowly learned to play you can play played, do not afford to play, or will lose nothing at all,
29. slowly learned that happiness often come from memories, and painful memories and reality often comes from the gap, br> 30. slowly learned that hip-hop slapstick only entertainment only, and past smoking fight is ignorance.
31. slowly learned that there are many people you can not understand the ideas and practices or do not know what he was thinking, do not guess at that
Mount or guessing and that will make your tired, since people want to keep it and let people maintain a sense of mystery to ah, but it is not a diviner,
32. slowly learned not to own to how high, there is no absolute victory, there is no absolute failure
33, slowly learned that life is a lot of unfair , you have to face, believe in the power and people's eyes,
34. slowly learned that sometimes may not be imagined brotherhood so beautiful, only you give enough other people have probably been the genuine
treatment.
35. slowly learned that some people constantly calculating, at the end has come to lose badly, so it should be to maintain a peaceful heart!
36. slowly learned that there is thing is not his own wish, but some things have to go to complete, that is a
their special training.
37, slowly learned that two people with the original or true or false, time together, or occupies an important component.
38. slowly learned that the root idea of the gap between reality and must be alive, to keep up pace of life!
39. slowly know that he also growing up, not a child, and adapt to the growth of everything.
40. slowly learned not to own to how high, there is no absolute victory, there is no absolute failure.
41 slowly learned that giving people a good line in the future the true meaning of
meet, no permanent enemies only permanent friends, so everything must not
to do, things outcome is that out of your mouth.
42. slowly learned to play no matter how good friends have to lose, but we still have to optimistic, if true to his (her)
as their friend should he (she) wishes. Looking! just do their own doing.
43 slowly learned to accept their society slowly, so slowly have to learn to adapt.
Sunday, December 26, 2010
The legend on one of Railcom
CTT CTT
pain, pain, where?
M writing to the possible reorganization of the telecommunications industry in 2007 just prior to a particular sub
, is a birthright. Railway Communication Co., Ltd. (railcom ) railway communication in the sense of the word in front of the crown on the head of a Chinese name
: China Railcom (zhongguotietong), weary of the whole year through.
the end of 2000 listed CRC, a time of swirling speculation by the media, Everyone seemed full of endless reverie CRC, but the brutal reality, to date, the CRC is still struggling with death, the number of blood boiling became cold, how much hope into despair, despair! often to see the status of CRC , my pains, sleepless nights, for my pain and to share the hope and resonant, wake up the conscience of some people
to numb the pain more and more to stimulate the heart CRC. < br> first market pain, pain, where?
Railway from its inception not want to do their own, to get something in the market, their competitiveness, the market where selling point. that all business is to follow blindly, not formed its own characteristics, and now still rely on fixed, low-cost Internet access policy to pick up other people's leftovers. marketing departments do not study the market, do not study business management, the performance of the CRC prominent. Railcom already have There province intelligent network, opened two years in addition to phone cards to carry out other business do? Indeed, even the phone cards are poor management, but also anxiety of other businesses. National general 068300,197300 card is more than good things ahead, be on the market IP operators than any other discount card is lower, in some places as low as 1.9 fold, 2 fold, phone cards discount to 1.9 fold, 2 fold what it means, means that traditional long-distance telephone charges in CRC less than 6 points per minute money, means that the caller party if Telecom or China Netcom is a phone call with the called party telecommunications or Netcom, each with a minute of CRC cards, just interconnection, the CRC at least every minute to 7 cents loss. Railcom more than 300 local network, the day, the number of such losses will be every second. Why? provincial branch to complete the target at all, based on the dumping could do nothing, laissez-faire attitude (if not guess wrong, or some tricks learn from the above), so you can manage marketing? CRNET survival Railcom network backbone is also known as VPN, MPLS network quality can be achieved, but the whole network has several decent user? CRC headquarters dedicated department provided below: Do not use CRNET billing platform network terminal must be physically separated, then I ask you: do not believe CRNET their own VPN, VLAN, MPLS security, and that CRC Why trust your users to a central pillar of the network quality . do not have them, want to impose on others. Railcom not be naive to think: these business requirements, is defined as high-end users of your departments and units as well as policy makers, all are fools!
said Marketing Department, from the headquarters and provincial offices to the municipal market sectors are all furnished, you can not give the market a clear positioning, these departments are as follows: According to the requirements of the program objectives leading market indicators assigned - assigned to the provincial branch - add a little code assigned to the municipal branches - and a bit of code assigned to the Business Department. and the other departments do not communicate fully, completely unaware provincial branch network capacity, the scale of investment last year and this year on the next targets, and then is the control indicators to collect statistical data, true or false does not matter: Award ultra-fine missing. provincial branch comparable treatment: a variety of business indicators have introduced a variety of business commission, so the CRC has been the world's most trouble, the highest proportion of the market commission wages calculation mode.
One of the consequences: overripe commission on the business of marketing staff in the chest, the operational characteristics of the CRC did not make a few made it clear that the most common promotion is , bad point is that cheap promotional sales against each other, in order to get the business commission regardless of the cost, many people had in mind are: loss, no loss in my business, take advantage of CRC did not collapse, and quickly picking the money.
consequences of the two: in order to will be devastating disaster! local performance: does the business cost analysis, IP, then it spread, call spread 201, the virtual network call spread, many in the city do - depreciation costs, labor costs, marketing costs come from? another big point: fictitious, imaginary setting sales contracts, false project contracting, these violations of discipline or even illegal things almost without financial checks easily into the revenue account to , and then is periodically included in bad debts, bad debts, no top leader of coercion, there is no mandate superior leadership, conniving - ask: do those who dare to finance staff! Railway Finance Department recruited a number of auditors, some people even the poor diploma were mixed out, these people Putting aside the level of professional quality, as the CRC headquarters in the financial auditors, personnel relations in the CRC headquarters, place of work but in all the provincial company, every loner, Xinmayoujiang! In addition to phone contact, even a day off work to go to work do not know who hurt anyone, who is auditing who, only a genius to know. So, why the CRC headquarters in mid-engage in formal audit of income and engage in a less obvious but cooking the books to the trial does not come out? is cities, provinces such high levels of financial accounting fraud, or income of the audit itself is self-deceiving? now even more peculiar, the original headquarters of the Ministry of Finance recruitment over the world transformed by the Corporate Finance Department, each province has become the company's auditing department, such a result is: the level of the provincial company, the addition of a forest of department. It seems that management of the Road Railway won the provincial companies themselves can Audit yourself! in the end who is cheating who? trumpet and singing the praises of each other, indulge in a virtual figure it out do not want to extricate themselves. even someone get rich by fraud, won the honor by fraud, forgery can be obtained by the promoted to general manager from the cities of provinces to be leaders. undeniable reality is that income, profits inflated cash flow led to a sharp decline, and reward, commission, agency fees and the like and high, I ask you: the money come from ? like this can harm than how long the days of CRC? market, more relaxed, what kind of task index, what kind of growth, what kind of profit margins dare set! bubble will become bigger and bigger, estimated that many leaders have the answers, or else why are all indicators of each market, so men go all the way, the CRC of the road seems to come to an end soon.
second building of the pain, the pain, where?
Railway construction in the early days did not get rid of a business planning in the absence of market circumstances, the CRC has not listed up on the built-called 800G of the Ultra-qualification bid, The leaders again and again in stages to start the complicated overseas trip on behalf of it, until today, the CRC operation is so difficult, many provincial companies are still assuming a steal, by well-known study, generous expense Railway employees will batches of the provincial company, the city leadership of the company, and even some family members of the leadership of the arrangements to go to Europe N
day trip!
provincial branch, city office building did not constitute a major decision-making individual mistakes, But there are words to describe construction of the CRC most apt: construction is a basket, sawed the rotten peach can be installed inside. The first is planned to build a super problem: the vast majority of provincial branch business idea is to rely on the expansion of the construction to boost the business, coupled with the urgent business assessment index, regardless of cost, desperate to build, not borrowing money to the manufacturers, the construction unit to the arrears owed less over this house. five years, the number of manufacturers CRC collapse , drag the number of vendors do not ship but not cash? Huawei, ZTE, new too, the attitude of the CRC, may be the most telling.
online survey if the credibility of telecom operators, China Railcom is undoubtedly condemned. period of time inside, because that building in Changsha, the Hunan Province plans to build super-seem particularly serious, in fact, than the provinces of Hunan, in serious cases are numerous. the reality is, the provincial headquarters of the company over plans to city's ultra- Province's program, the frightening thing is, each level is not super-point problem. The real number of super plans to build in the end, the amount in the end how much, who do not know. followed by the construction of their own problems projects: born out of Railway Telecommunication System for Railway Engineering from the womb to have the instinct to be effective, for projects into the revenue account, costs on account of the project into account. digital cameras, notebook computers into the cable, eat and drink Lazard's hospitality into multimedia speakers, LCD monitors, Guilin, Huangshan, Shenzhen Day Tour variable XXX became the training costs, office air-conditioning, the staff made the bonus is likely to become public charges, operating room, operating department into a room for rent is the cost. Railway operating department put their own even if it is only one cable, but also there will be countless houses, green, roads, property reparation fees, these thoughts are used, the project quality can be imagined. Thirdly, construction is inevitable scapegoat: the construction market is not good to keep up with , large customers are not down about not building fast as is the construction of network operation support is not enough, anyway, is not of CRC business marketing personnel, marketing personnel do not provide a solution is only right and proper! Beyond Dali said: cities of the company, provincial company, headquartered The marketing department how many people in the study market research business, management, promotion. others have not not do business Railway - construction should be held responsible, the business built up a marketing platform is not out - who had held the responsibility?
Some provincial branch manager had to clear the table states: As long as there is a market to be won, must not be allowed to miss the market. construction costs? provincial company executives do not consider the other person does not Chengluan mad built on construction workers Look in the eyes of pain in their hearts, but no way. higher authorities to complete the task of doors are not. In this case, who went to a good research project management, who to study with the best return on investment than building the business solution model (than the money chant!) in the final analysis, over the Plan what? even c capital city branches, tens of meters long family line of more than a dozen kilometers of the cable into the project construction, material procurement kickbacks, fee rebates, hundreds of million of funding through the general manager's office, the party committee of, to a burst simmering, and finally into a small number of people were all inside pocket money. insider reports to the railway's Procuratorate, the Procuratorate into a few out of many, the conclusion is: a collective decision, not individual behavior, a CRC provincial company into a freshly baked on stage after the audit department of a to know only the weather, know you know I know, what asset-liability ratio and what input and output, what profit targets, and what rights workers, just sheer talk. However, the quality is low, the user's cast aside, the lack of cash, business difficult, income gaps, staff frustration, and both with more than five years of exposure to, the absurdity of the Great Leap Forward Railway Construction, Railway Construction ugly black gold. appears to be a further sum never seems disarray, but also Always reluctant to sort out a picture of the list, but the pain of building, but it is real pain in every low income, overtime, hard toil of the CRC staff heart, in the long and difficult journey CRC on every intersection.
third human pain, pain, where?
Railcom many people the biggest drawback is the lack of personnel: managers first, followed by marketing personnel, and then the finance staff, technical staff. Management of scientific cause CRC internal friction is too large and inefficient. marketing, finance, lack of personnel led to the established
technical guidelines and policies can not be effectively implemented. the first performance of the lack of management talent at the top: the top with the exception of Zhang Yongping CTT airborne, the whole is the Railway Department of cadres. Two years ago, the global head of capital operation open recruitment vice president of CRC, the result? water their own fields, an official SHOW! from culture to management, from concept to style, high-level CRC should not reflect on whether you have a real open mind and behavior, is not really in the heart rather than his mouth to workers interests, relying on professionals to do CRC.
not rely on personal likes and dislikes, history, the concept of management to see CRC, CRC tube, resulting in CRC errors.
Li Ka-shing, said: planting thinking, achievement behavior; plant behavior, success habits; planting habits, achievements character; plant character, Achievement destiny. of a person that, on a business, it not even more so. We can not say that the low quality of cadres, the Ministry of Railways, but the ocean in a market economy of these people is a hard fact that water is not good. and older the lack of backbone, needless to say, Railcom some cadres, even very level cadres, prior to the CRC is the Railway Administration, Branch has been swept out of the mediocre to, thorn, and even scum, this small number of people interested in addition to the right struggle, other business, management, know nothing about it is in mm in the railway in the growth of political struggle it! them to the CRC can you do? Qishangmanxia, running after, buying, Maiguan, cliques, leaders incite fighting leadership , incite the masses to struggle! problem is that these people who, though a limited number of staff but there was, even the basic personality of these people do not have mixed the leadership of the provincial branch Yaowuheliu, the CRC in the end where to go, can rely on these people ? We may not know, but Zhang Yongping should know that in many show have resigned at the request of the remark, finally got his wish to the Central Party School, is the accidental or inevitable? believe that the hearts of each CRC, there is a balance have that kind of scale, carved in 2004-2006 on the CRC's Chronicles. financial, technical staff is the lack of leadership at any level are able to recognize the indisputable fact, but people do not understand is: Railway employment policy is still followed the railroad do not recruit non-graduates of the policy. Originally the existing financial, technical experience, experience, energy is insufficient to support the health of Railway operations, allow them to train new employees, crash it! all students could not stay that new tactics, and why? people do not want to be sitting in Railway destroyed! Railway roundabout take so many years, and up to now the employment system can not achieve a breakthrough, but also around the nerve to yell, a lack of talent the CRC high-level (most of the provincial branch leaders and above) in the head for a change, even if there is Zhang Yongping back from the Central Party School, China Railcom, Zhang Yongping that even a few more airborne landing, they have big longitudinal skill, CRC so, it was a dead end.
in the system, but operation and maintenance, construction of the railway staff also Sishou Zhao then left a few files wages: a kind of technology is good or bad, exhausted and a kind of idle. These technicians are relatively young, low income has been affect love, buy a house, get married, they busted their ass for the CRC, but CRC return to them what? just enough food, clothing of disposable income, can not chilling it? life of the railway was reluctant to be justified of, at least Railway Bureau is very humane, they at least can also think of the number of cadres and workers to solve practical problems, rather than three times by a second venture in the name of the real favoritism!
five years, the number of large graduate students to the colleges, and went? how much electricity services and even the old railway communication system personnel to go? the number of agents to the opposite Railway? there was an indicator of HR assessment of the CRC staff turnover in the telecommunications industry and the railway sector in the two sectors at what position? No, CRC failed to keep the people in this, but failed to keep the heart of apprehension among the staff willingly?! one sense: CRC is an extremely cruel business! rely on simple nostalgia for the enterprise, relying on years of accumulated feelings of my colleagues a few years to step down and support staff in the face for the house for the elderly, children, the enormous pressure of life, can hold long? Why dry, like a living Telecom, China Mobile, China Unicom's operation and maintenance personnel can be so much better than us? really CRC staff incompetence? not have to wait until they do not support go down when the collapse of high wages to recruit people to spend? all levels of leadership talent in the mouth stressed the sense of crisis, why do not address this issue, after the intensification of conflicts have to think of a way to go? bureaucratic goof! Anyway, now Most of the leadership to retire, the challenge to the future generations now! some provincial branch manager at the time about construction and investment, had to the later people, but also a surprising choice CRC!
but only if, the CRC will have later!
Title IV operation and maintenance of the pain, the pain, where?
operation and maintenance of pain in CRC is a secret pain, first one, followed by money, and finally the policy. After the construction of large-scale, rapid expansion Railcom network, attracted to a group of college students, take a group, a variety of job training system for training management leading cadres of the wave of personnel and then wave, but also a manager talk is execution substantial increase in workload, the backbone can not the few long-term leave, on the other hand, most of the maintenance staff overtime wages offered little exhausted, there is no motivation to learn the basic conditions and the most basic, basic technical quality is not subsequently increased, but there is a downward trend. However, upgrading of equipment, advances in technology, operation and maintenance requirements of growing, but can not, and three to five years ago in the same category. market in rapid expansion, rapid expansion of construction , where it seems people are needed. The market needs people to agents, alternative methods can be used by the company short-term recruitment services. So, operation and maintenance it? Who to recruit? can work on just a handful of people, we all need people, then evenly distributed, with the market to improve the income of workers, most are willing to market to, operation and maintenance income so low, they can not recruit people, all of the cities rely on a few shots hardcore old rifle, and some companies, the huge one gateway office room let a girl cry for three days and three nights no one actually on duty shift, the CRC's acute shortage of maintenance personnel, maintenance personnel with more worthy of too little too little. the one hand, not hire people, on the other hand trick to detain the person; the one hand, people are reluctant to go, on the other hand went to the want away. is not alarmist talk, the CRC's operation and maintenance, has not only stretched, but the edge went to the staff exhausted. who may be nervous by means of advanced maintenance to make up, but a severe shortage of funds, so that the original had a small number of limited funds for renovation, almost all for the market development projects. Railcom instruments, maintenance tools, equipment updates do not completely follow the rapid expansion of demand on the network. In many places one can see, the CRC cable break in need of emergency rescue occurred, as a basic telecommunications needs of multi-operator call upon the CRC to the local telecommunications, mobile, Unicom rescue test instrumentation and Borrowing welding equipment. In some areas, the CRC or agents are required to lease instruments, welding equipment, emergency rescue and failure to complete the processing tasks. In fact, the CRC fight in the operation and maintenance aspects of equipment, rest on our laurels, who fight long working hours, but CRC a microcosm of all aspects of the work is the basic status of Railcom. In fact, everyone knows that the CRC is now able to maintain operation and maintenance not a big problem was not easy, luxury high quality of network operation and maintenance is simply nonsense. undeniable is now the network operation may be stomach pain, over time, operation and maintenance of the pain of stomach ulcers and even
will inevitably become angina, myocardial infarction.
and if someone will say the money The problem is not subjective because it belongs to natural disasters. Then, the CRC headquarters in the operation and maintenance assessment policy flip-flop, to say that it is a man-made. long-distance fulfill their obligations to the floor of the policy from the income calculation to solve the problem of long-distance interests of the difficult landing, but , long landing on the CRC block the negative effects of network quality is far to be eliminated in the short term. long distance, Internet traffic is spread over a 2006 policy change in the number of times? number of provincial companies, listed companies look for export, the total abandonment of Railway network in the circuit. a basis for the operators, have their own division at running, I ask, how is called whole network? What is the scale? how is the business reflects the quality of life? rely on to reinforce the development of CRC foundation? operation and maintenance of the pain, for operation and maintenance of the elite went away one by one, so Lianzhong go, then, Mop is gone, Huajun, the sky has to go, go, would not come back, go away day by day, stay strong determination! Are you willing to believe that will not come again? left, left, may be just a desire
! can only be entrusted to a desire!
Part V interconnect pain, Where is the pain?
CRC pain, worst pain than the pain of interconnection. date of birth from the CRC, the CRC of the Internet with the CRC on the pain of faltering throughout the five-year journey. the country, in the end the number of places CRC optical cable cut, sawed, in the end the number of distribution boxes, transfer boxes smashed, destroyed, only to not statistics, not to count to a nutshell.
if damaged, or in facilities semi-covert manner, then, through the Bureau of the production and modification of data, resulting in lower connection rate or full-stop, single-pass, breaking sound, no ring back, the circuit can not talk so much more connected to interconnection failures, almost during every moment in an open manner. In Telecom, China Netcom, on the phone, playing 96068,17990, etc., you can make dozens of times in the future, to break down once, so good luck Hello, operator. If your Unfortunately, the server attached to the CRC Web site, to Telecom or China Netcom users can smoothly access, you have to pray for God. interconnection problem is still the strength of the competition, but reflects the strength of a side that is public relations impact. Ningxia CRC CRC pipeline to take the cable cut off, people go out. Zhangye Railway moved the cable telecommunications, people went their way. However, the Lanzhou Railway was cut off, the cable is Daoge Hainan Railway , countless Railcom optical cable stolen, saw, Nanchuan in Chongqing, China Railcom has even been injected into the cable sulfuric acid, telecommunications companies who do this go in? If there is no evidence that all acts of destruction of CRC facilities have no way of accountability , then every day throughout the country, the endless stream of put-through rate failure, staccato failure, unidirectional fault, etc., etc., is too easy to obtain evidence, who according to recent judicial interpretation of the Supreme People's evidence had to deal with before. from the State Department 2003 Public Telecommunication Administration of Quality Supervision, snobbish, still looks like with the origins and history to law enforcement and regulatory fairness. On the other hand, the CRC their attention to interoperability issues? leadership in the eyes of most, CRC interworking has to horses Nanshan, because interoperability sector together, and torn down, a little bit of a special multi-talented staff, and a considerable number of companies even have no full-time staff of interoperability, while the fact that true? Internet has healed the pain? No, far from In fact, the CRC interoperability issues not on the surface four years ago, three years ago, two years ago, so earth-shattering, but from the degree of harm in terms of income, but it is too far, really studying the market, many people understand this One of the problems, but few people are willing to tell them the secret. The reason is nothing less than two-fold status of the CRC co-chaotic, day by day, people lose their sense of responsibility, the loss of a sense of belonging; Second, the staff day to day life and even survival is a problem of the border, a level of incompetence and corruption led to public disputes between the rights and interests, so that the issue at deep ills.
the pain of today's Railcom Internet has grown from speech before the pain became the pain of data, more intractable pain, pain in the settlement, the pain in income, pain in the churn rate.
Looking back, walking in the railway CRC year, I do not know the depth of exposure to the world, the performance, not just strength and relationships, and competitors are not in a grade, more importantly, few people really understand the game rules of the telecommunications industry. The problem is, the weaker the tears do not Railway stopped at the wash, in the interests of the principles of market rules and under the rules of the game, fundamentally speaking, who, why support you! games always have a center, the center is the interest. no one was weak and get enough interest, a If the poor person's own hateful place. For people that, on the CRC, is the same. If the collection of resources for an enabling environment for CRC is a distant goal, then, to modify the unequal rules of interconnection is a question of survival and death. Once upon a time, interval is the dominant carrier settlement was a weapon to suppress CRC, however, the range of your phone interconnection costs are 0.46 yuan / minute, the dominant operator to do the interval 0.40, so 0.30 yuan, 0.20 yuan to do, or even eliminated in some places to do price differences between areas, with or not with the CRC, which led operations as a place to do business range of weapons charges, incurred by the Communications Management Bureau of punishment, no, never. unreasonable settlement interval, after five years, the CRC into just a corner of the market finally began to loosen, from 0.25 to 0.15 yuan, a mere price of 0.30 yuan, through a five-year the pain of the market, if and unite in the front line staff and marketing staff Railway heart disorders may be able to eliminate one or two days, but the loss of customers coming back here? when China quietly moving to sign into the sword - you go to him you have to pay him to visit you or do you have to pay. How, with such rules in the telecommunications and mobile are committed to go all out in transition, fixed-line voice business has been the setting sun when the decadent , is the Internet itself is not
is a self-edge sword?
Part VI pain management, pain, where?
manage that? Drucker said:
management is defining the corporate mission, and to stimulate and organize human resources to achieve this mission. , but in results, its only authority is achieved.
What is management, management that:
management is: encouraging others, serve others, achievements of others;
management refers to a certain organization managers, through the implementation of planning, organizing, staffing, direction and leadership, control functions to coordinate the activities of others to make themselves together with others to achieve specific objectives. In order to optimize the management, Huawei, IBM had to learn to use heavily , Zhang was willing to spend lots of money to manage for the brand, for efficiency. Undeniably, the CRC was established from the beginning of each municipal branches, the management to embark on a chaotic way. people are used to from 2001 to 2002, called the CRC foreman, technician or communications engineering, a piece of paper becomes a command to the city general manager, vice president, ministers, directors, management of the mass with a lot of people do not know are ignorant to such a level of professional experience and rush into battle, with predictable results. from the start began the low level of internal management has restricted the development every step of the CRC. performance appraisal approach it within a year four or five times a norm change, institutional settings come and go, from the province to City, in addition to increasing the number of unworthy of the name of the general manager, did not see the slightest increase in benefits for the CRC. Up to now, not poor performance, prospects are disturbing you, it reached the limit, to the One spring night, city branch of the department heads have also become a guide the operation, with the management team with a strong, effective use of management obtain it? not, in addition to the one and then springing a big hat, head out to be much more open. this point, every Railway staff and was in CRC spent, and the CRC believe that any of cooperation have an answer in his heart.
comes to financial management, others do not say that you ask there are a few manufacturers, ...
pain, pain, where?
M writing to the possible reorganization of the telecommunications industry in 2007 just prior to a particular sub
, is a birthright. Railway Communication Co., Ltd. (railcom ) railway communication in the sense of the word in front of the crown on the head of a Chinese name
: China Railcom (zhongguotietong), weary of the whole year through.
the end of 2000 listed CRC, a time of swirling speculation by the media, Everyone seemed full of endless reverie CRC, but the brutal reality, to date, the CRC is still struggling with death, the number of blood boiling became cold, how much hope into despair, despair! often to see the status of CRC , my pains, sleepless nights, for my pain and to share the hope and resonant, wake up the conscience of some people
to numb the pain more and more to stimulate the heart CRC. < br> first market pain, pain, where?
Railway from its inception not want to do their own, to get something in the market, their competitiveness, the market where selling point. that all business is to follow blindly, not formed its own characteristics, and now still rely on fixed, low-cost Internet access policy to pick up other people's leftovers. marketing departments do not study the market, do not study business management, the performance of the CRC prominent. Railcom already have There province intelligent network, opened two years in addition to phone cards to carry out other business do? Indeed, even the phone cards are poor management, but also anxiety of other businesses. National general 068300,197300 card is more than good things ahead, be on the market IP operators than any other discount card is lower, in some places as low as 1.9 fold, 2 fold, phone cards discount to 1.9 fold, 2 fold what it means, means that traditional long-distance telephone charges in CRC less than 6 points per minute money, means that the caller party if Telecom or China Netcom is a phone call with the called party telecommunications or Netcom, each with a minute of CRC cards, just interconnection, the CRC at least every minute to 7 cents loss. Railcom more than 300 local network, the day, the number of such losses will be every second. Why? provincial branch to complete the target at all, based on the dumping could do nothing, laissez-faire attitude (if not guess wrong, or some tricks learn from the above), so you can manage marketing? CRNET survival Railcom network backbone is also known as VPN, MPLS network quality can be achieved, but the whole network has several decent user? CRC headquarters dedicated department provided below: Do not use CRNET billing platform network terminal must be physically separated, then I ask you: do not believe CRNET their own VPN, VLAN, MPLS security, and that CRC Why trust your users to a central pillar of the network quality . do not have them, want to impose on others. Railcom not be naive to think: these business requirements, is defined as high-end users of your departments and units as well as policy makers, all are fools!
said Marketing Department, from the headquarters and provincial offices to the municipal market sectors are all furnished, you can not give the market a clear positioning, these departments are as follows: According to the requirements of the program objectives leading market indicators assigned - assigned to the provincial branch - add a little code assigned to the municipal branches - and a bit of code assigned to the Business Department. and the other departments do not communicate fully, completely unaware provincial branch network capacity, the scale of investment last year and this year on the next targets, and then is the control indicators to collect statistical data, true or false does not matter: Award ultra-fine missing. provincial branch comparable treatment: a variety of business indicators have introduced a variety of business commission, so the CRC has been the world's most trouble, the highest proportion of the market commission wages calculation mode.
One of the consequences: overripe commission on the business of marketing staff in the chest, the operational characteristics of the CRC did not make a few made it clear that the most common promotion is , bad point is that cheap promotional sales against each other, in order to get the business commission regardless of the cost, many people had in mind are: loss, no loss in my business, take advantage of CRC did not collapse, and quickly picking the money.
consequences of the two: in order to will be devastating disaster! local performance: does the business cost analysis, IP, then it spread, call spread 201, the virtual network call spread, many in the city do - depreciation costs, labor costs, marketing costs come from? another big point: fictitious, imaginary setting sales contracts, false project contracting, these violations of discipline or even illegal things almost without financial checks easily into the revenue account to , and then is periodically included in bad debts, bad debts, no top leader of coercion, there is no mandate superior leadership, conniving - ask: do those who dare to finance staff! Railway Finance Department recruited a number of auditors, some people even the poor diploma were mixed out, these people Putting aside the level of professional quality, as the CRC headquarters in the financial auditors, personnel relations in the CRC headquarters, place of work but in all the provincial company, every loner, Xinmayoujiang! In addition to phone contact, even a day off work to go to work do not know who hurt anyone, who is auditing who, only a genius to know. So, why the CRC headquarters in mid-engage in formal audit of income and engage in a less obvious but cooking the books to the trial does not come out? is cities, provinces such high levels of financial accounting fraud, or income of the audit itself is self-deceiving? now even more peculiar, the original headquarters of the Ministry of Finance recruitment over the world transformed by the Corporate Finance Department, each province has become the company's auditing department, such a result is: the level of the provincial company, the addition of a forest of department. It seems that management of the Road Railway won the provincial companies themselves can Audit yourself! in the end who is cheating who? trumpet and singing the praises of each other, indulge in a virtual figure it out do not want to extricate themselves. even someone get rich by fraud, won the honor by fraud, forgery can be obtained by the promoted to general manager from the cities of provinces to be leaders. undeniable reality is that income, profits inflated cash flow led to a sharp decline, and reward, commission, agency fees and the like and high, I ask you: the money come from ? like this can harm than how long the days of CRC? market, more relaxed, what kind of task index, what kind of growth, what kind of profit margins dare set! bubble will become bigger and bigger, estimated that many leaders have the answers, or else why are all indicators of each market, so men go all the way, the CRC of the road seems to come to an end soon.
second building of the pain, the pain, where?
Railway construction in the early days did not get rid of a business planning in the absence of market circumstances, the CRC has not listed up on the built-called 800G of the Ultra-qualification bid, The leaders again and again in stages to start the complicated overseas trip on behalf of it, until today, the CRC operation is so difficult, many provincial companies are still assuming a steal, by well-known study, generous expense Railway employees will batches of the provincial company, the city leadership of the company, and even some family members of the leadership of the arrangements to go to Europe N
day trip!
provincial branch, city office building did not constitute a major decision-making individual mistakes, But there are words to describe construction of the CRC most apt: construction is a basket, sawed the rotten peach can be installed inside. The first is planned to build a super problem: the vast majority of provincial branch business idea is to rely on the expansion of the construction to boost the business, coupled with the urgent business assessment index, regardless of cost, desperate to build, not borrowing money to the manufacturers, the construction unit to the arrears owed less over this house. five years, the number of manufacturers CRC collapse , drag the number of vendors do not ship but not cash? Huawei, ZTE, new too, the attitude of the CRC, may be the most telling.
online survey if the credibility of telecom operators, China Railcom is undoubtedly condemned. period of time inside, because that building in Changsha, the Hunan Province plans to build super-seem particularly serious, in fact, than the provinces of Hunan, in serious cases are numerous. the reality is, the provincial headquarters of the company over plans to city's ultra- Province's program, the frightening thing is, each level is not super-point problem. The real number of super plans to build in the end, the amount in the end how much, who do not know. followed by the construction of their own problems projects: born out of Railway Telecommunication System for Railway Engineering from the womb to have the instinct to be effective, for projects into the revenue account, costs on account of the project into account. digital cameras, notebook computers into the cable, eat and drink Lazard's hospitality into multimedia speakers, LCD monitors, Guilin, Huangshan, Shenzhen Day Tour variable XXX became the training costs, office air-conditioning, the staff made the bonus is likely to become public charges, operating room, operating department into a room for rent is the cost. Railway operating department put their own even if it is only one cable, but also there will be countless houses, green, roads, property reparation fees, these thoughts are used, the project quality can be imagined. Thirdly, construction is inevitable scapegoat: the construction market is not good to keep up with , large customers are not down about not building fast as is the construction of network operation support is not enough, anyway, is not of CRC business marketing personnel, marketing personnel do not provide a solution is only right and proper! Beyond Dali said: cities of the company, provincial company, headquartered The marketing department how many people in the study market research business, management, promotion. others have not not do business Railway - construction should be held responsible, the business built up a marketing platform is not out - who had held the responsibility?
Some provincial branch manager had to clear the table states: As long as there is a market to be won, must not be allowed to miss the market. construction costs? provincial company executives do not consider the other person does not Chengluan mad built on construction workers Look in the eyes of pain in their hearts, but no way. higher authorities to complete the task of doors are not. In this case, who went to a good research project management, who to study with the best return on investment than building the business solution model (than the money chant!) in the final analysis, over the Plan what? even c capital city branches, tens of meters long family line of more than a dozen kilometers of the cable into the project construction, material procurement kickbacks, fee rebates, hundreds of million of funding through the general manager's office, the party committee of, to a burst simmering, and finally into a small number of people were all inside pocket money. insider reports to the railway's Procuratorate, the Procuratorate into a few out of many, the conclusion is: a collective decision, not individual behavior, a CRC provincial company into a freshly baked on stage after the audit department of a to know only the weather, know you know I know, what asset-liability ratio and what input and output, what profit targets, and what rights workers, just sheer talk. However, the quality is low, the user's cast aside, the lack of cash, business difficult, income gaps, staff frustration, and both with more than five years of exposure to, the absurdity of the Great Leap Forward Railway Construction, Railway Construction ugly black gold. appears to be a further sum never seems disarray, but also Always reluctant to sort out a picture of the list, but the pain of building, but it is real pain in every low income, overtime, hard toil of the CRC staff heart, in the long and difficult journey CRC on every intersection.
third human pain, pain, where?
Railcom many people the biggest drawback is the lack of personnel: managers first, followed by marketing personnel, and then the finance staff, technical staff. Management of scientific cause CRC internal friction is too large and inefficient. marketing, finance, lack of personnel led to the established
technical guidelines and policies can not be effectively implemented. the first performance of the lack of management talent at the top: the top with the exception of Zhang Yongping CTT airborne, the whole is the Railway Department of cadres. Two years ago, the global head of capital operation open recruitment vice president of CRC, the result? water their own fields, an official SHOW! from culture to management, from concept to style, high-level CRC should not reflect on whether you have a real open mind and behavior, is not really in the heart rather than his mouth to workers interests, relying on professionals to do CRC.
not rely on personal likes and dislikes, history, the concept of management to see CRC, CRC tube, resulting in CRC errors.
Li Ka-shing, said: planting thinking, achievement behavior; plant behavior, success habits; planting habits, achievements character; plant character, Achievement destiny. of a person that, on a business, it not even more so. We can not say that the low quality of cadres, the Ministry of Railways, but the ocean in a market economy of these people is a hard fact that water is not good. and older the lack of backbone, needless to say, Railcom some cadres, even very level cadres, prior to the CRC is the Railway Administration, Branch has been swept out of the mediocre to, thorn, and even scum, this small number of people interested in addition to the right struggle, other business, management, know nothing about it is in mm in the railway in the growth of political struggle it! them to the CRC can you do? Qishangmanxia, running after, buying, Maiguan, cliques, leaders incite fighting leadership , incite the masses to struggle! problem is that these people who, though a limited number of staff but there was, even the basic personality of these people do not have mixed the leadership of the provincial branch Yaowuheliu, the CRC in the end where to go, can rely on these people ? We may not know, but Zhang Yongping should know that in many show have resigned at the request of the remark, finally got his wish to the Central Party School, is the accidental or inevitable? believe that the hearts of each CRC, there is a balance have that kind of scale, carved in 2004-2006 on the CRC's Chronicles. financial, technical staff is the lack of leadership at any level are able to recognize the indisputable fact, but people do not understand is: Railway employment policy is still followed the railroad do not recruit non-graduates of the policy. Originally the existing financial, technical experience, experience, energy is insufficient to support the health of Railway operations, allow them to train new employees, crash it! all students could not stay that new tactics, and why? people do not want to be sitting in Railway destroyed! Railway roundabout take so many years, and up to now the employment system can not achieve a breakthrough, but also around the nerve to yell, a lack of talent the CRC high-level (most of the provincial branch leaders and above) in the head for a change, even if there is Zhang Yongping back from the Central Party School, China Railcom, Zhang Yongping that even a few more airborne landing, they have big longitudinal skill, CRC so, it was a dead end.
in the system, but operation and maintenance, construction of the railway staff also Sishou Zhao then left a few files wages: a kind of technology is good or bad, exhausted and a kind of idle. These technicians are relatively young, low income has been affect love, buy a house, get married, they busted their ass for the CRC, but CRC return to them what? just enough food, clothing of disposable income, can not chilling it? life of the railway was reluctant to be justified of, at least Railway Bureau is very humane, they at least can also think of the number of cadres and workers to solve practical problems, rather than three times by a second venture in the name of the real favoritism!
five years, the number of large graduate students to the colleges, and went? how much electricity services and even the old railway communication system personnel to go? the number of agents to the opposite Railway? there was an indicator of HR assessment of the CRC staff turnover in the telecommunications industry and the railway sector in the two sectors at what position? No, CRC failed to keep the people in this, but failed to keep the heart of apprehension among the staff willingly?! one sense: CRC is an extremely cruel business! rely on simple nostalgia for the enterprise, relying on years of accumulated feelings of my colleagues a few years to step down and support staff in the face for the house for the elderly, children, the enormous pressure of life, can hold long? Why dry, like a living Telecom, China Mobile, China Unicom's operation and maintenance personnel can be so much better than us? really CRC staff incompetence? not have to wait until they do not support go down when the collapse of high wages to recruit people to spend? all levels of leadership talent in the mouth stressed the sense of crisis, why do not address this issue, after the intensification of conflicts have to think of a way to go? bureaucratic goof! Anyway, now Most of the leadership to retire, the challenge to the future generations now! some provincial branch manager at the time about construction and investment, had to the later people, but also a surprising choice CRC!
but only if, the CRC will have later!
Title IV operation and maintenance of the pain, the pain, where?
operation and maintenance of pain in CRC is a secret pain, first one, followed by money, and finally the policy. After the construction of large-scale, rapid expansion Railcom network, attracted to a group of college students, take a group, a variety of job training system for training management leading cadres of the wave of personnel and then wave, but also a manager talk is execution substantial increase in workload, the backbone can not the few long-term leave, on the other hand, most of the maintenance staff overtime wages offered little exhausted, there is no motivation to learn the basic conditions and the most basic, basic technical quality is not subsequently increased, but there is a downward trend. However, upgrading of equipment, advances in technology, operation and maintenance requirements of growing, but can not, and three to five years ago in the same category. market in rapid expansion, rapid expansion of construction , where it seems people are needed. The market needs people to agents, alternative methods can be used by the company short-term recruitment services. So, operation and maintenance it? Who to recruit? can work on just a handful of people, we all need people, then evenly distributed, with the market to improve the income of workers, most are willing to market to, operation and maintenance income so low, they can not recruit people, all of the cities rely on a few shots hardcore old rifle, and some companies, the huge one gateway office room let a girl cry for three days and three nights no one actually on duty shift, the CRC's acute shortage of maintenance personnel, maintenance personnel with more worthy of too little too little. the one hand, not hire people, on the other hand trick to detain the person; the one hand, people are reluctant to go, on the other hand went to the want away. is not alarmist talk, the CRC's operation and maintenance, has not only stretched, but the edge went to the staff exhausted. who may be nervous by means of advanced maintenance to make up, but a severe shortage of funds, so that the original had a small number of limited funds for renovation, almost all for the market development projects. Railcom instruments, maintenance tools, equipment updates do not completely follow the rapid expansion of demand on the network. In many places one can see, the CRC cable break in need of emergency rescue occurred, as a basic telecommunications needs of multi-operator call upon the CRC to the local telecommunications, mobile, Unicom rescue test instrumentation and Borrowing welding equipment. In some areas, the CRC or agents are required to lease instruments, welding equipment, emergency rescue and failure to complete the processing tasks. In fact, the CRC fight in the operation and maintenance aspects of equipment, rest on our laurels, who fight long working hours, but CRC a microcosm of all aspects of the work is the basic status of Railcom. In fact, everyone knows that the CRC is now able to maintain operation and maintenance not a big problem was not easy, luxury high quality of network operation and maintenance is simply nonsense. undeniable is now the network operation may be stomach pain, over time, operation and maintenance of the pain of stomach ulcers and even
will inevitably become angina, myocardial infarction.
and if someone will say the money The problem is not subjective because it belongs to natural disasters. Then, the CRC headquarters in the operation and maintenance assessment policy flip-flop, to say that it is a man-made. long-distance fulfill their obligations to the floor of the policy from the income calculation to solve the problem of long-distance interests of the difficult landing, but , long landing on the CRC block the negative effects of network quality is far to be eliminated in the short term. long distance, Internet traffic is spread over a 2006 policy change in the number of times? number of provincial companies, listed companies look for export, the total abandonment of Railway network in the circuit. a basis for the operators, have their own division at running, I ask, how is called whole network? What is the scale? how is the business reflects the quality of life? rely on to reinforce the development of CRC foundation? operation and maintenance of the pain, for operation and maintenance of the elite went away one by one, so Lianzhong go, then, Mop is gone, Huajun, the sky has to go, go, would not come back, go away day by day, stay strong determination! Are you willing to believe that will not come again? left, left, may be just a desire
! can only be entrusted to a desire!
Part V interconnect pain, Where is the pain?
CRC pain, worst pain than the pain of interconnection. date of birth from the CRC, the CRC of the Internet with the CRC on the pain of faltering throughout the five-year journey. the country, in the end the number of places CRC optical cable cut, sawed, in the end the number of distribution boxes, transfer boxes smashed, destroyed, only to not statistics, not to count to a nutshell.
if damaged, or in facilities semi-covert manner, then, through the Bureau of the production and modification of data, resulting in lower connection rate or full-stop, single-pass, breaking sound, no ring back, the circuit can not talk so much more connected to interconnection failures, almost during every moment in an open manner. In Telecom, China Netcom, on the phone, playing 96068,17990, etc., you can make dozens of times in the future, to break down once, so good luck Hello, operator. If your Unfortunately, the server attached to the CRC Web site, to Telecom or China Netcom users can smoothly access, you have to pray for God. interconnection problem is still the strength of the competition, but reflects the strength of a side that is public relations impact. Ningxia CRC CRC pipeline to take the cable cut off, people go out. Zhangye Railway moved the cable telecommunications, people went their way. However, the Lanzhou Railway was cut off, the cable is Daoge Hainan Railway , countless Railcom optical cable stolen, saw, Nanchuan in Chongqing, China Railcom has even been injected into the cable sulfuric acid, telecommunications companies who do this go in? If there is no evidence that all acts of destruction of CRC facilities have no way of accountability , then every day throughout the country, the endless stream of put-through rate failure, staccato failure, unidirectional fault, etc., etc., is too easy to obtain evidence, who according to recent judicial interpretation of the Supreme People's evidence had to deal with before. from the State Department 2003 Public Telecommunication Administration of Quality Supervision, snobbish, still looks like with the origins and history to law enforcement and regulatory fairness. On the other hand, the CRC their attention to interoperability issues? leadership in the eyes of most, CRC interworking has to horses Nanshan, because interoperability sector together, and torn down, a little bit of a special multi-talented staff, and a considerable number of companies even have no full-time staff of interoperability, while the fact that true? Internet has healed the pain? No, far from In fact, the CRC interoperability issues not on the surface four years ago, three years ago, two years ago, so earth-shattering, but from the degree of harm in terms of income, but it is too far, really studying the market, many people understand this One of the problems, but few people are willing to tell them the secret. The reason is nothing less than two-fold status of the CRC co-chaotic, day by day, people lose their sense of responsibility, the loss of a sense of belonging; Second, the staff day to day life and even survival is a problem of the border, a level of incompetence and corruption led to public disputes between the rights and interests, so that the issue at deep ills.
the pain of today's Railcom Internet has grown from speech before the pain became the pain of data, more intractable pain, pain in the settlement, the pain in income, pain in the churn rate.
Looking back, walking in the railway CRC year, I do not know the depth of exposure to the world, the performance, not just strength and relationships, and competitors are not in a grade, more importantly, few people really understand the game rules of the telecommunications industry. The problem is, the weaker the tears do not Railway stopped at the wash, in the interests of the principles of market rules and under the rules of the game, fundamentally speaking, who, why support you! games always have a center, the center is the interest. no one was weak and get enough interest, a If the poor person's own hateful place. For people that, on the CRC, is the same. If the collection of resources for an enabling environment for CRC is a distant goal, then, to modify the unequal rules of interconnection is a question of survival and death. Once upon a time, interval is the dominant carrier settlement was a weapon to suppress CRC, however, the range of your phone interconnection costs are 0.46 yuan / minute, the dominant operator to do the interval 0.40, so 0.30 yuan, 0.20 yuan to do, or even eliminated in some places to do price differences between areas, with or not with the CRC, which led operations as a place to do business range of weapons charges, incurred by the Communications Management Bureau of punishment, no, never. unreasonable settlement interval, after five years, the CRC into just a corner of the market finally began to loosen, from 0.25 to 0.15 yuan, a mere price of 0.30 yuan, through a five-year the pain of the market, if and unite in the front line staff and marketing staff Railway heart disorders may be able to eliminate one or two days, but the loss of customers coming back here? when China quietly moving to sign into the sword - you go to him you have to pay him to visit you or do you have to pay. How, with such rules in the telecommunications and mobile are committed to go all out in transition, fixed-line voice business has been the setting sun when the decadent , is the Internet itself is not
is a self-edge sword?
Part VI pain management, pain, where?
manage that? Drucker said:
management is defining the corporate mission, and to stimulate and organize human resources to achieve this mission. , but in results, its only authority is achieved.
What is management, management that:
management is: encouraging others, serve others, achievements of others;
management refers to a certain organization managers, through the implementation of planning, organizing, staffing, direction and leadership, control functions to coordinate the activities of others to make themselves together with others to achieve specific objectives. In order to optimize the management, Huawei, IBM had to learn to use heavily , Zhang was willing to spend lots of money to manage for the brand, for efficiency. Undeniably, the CRC was established from the beginning of each municipal branches, the management to embark on a chaotic way. people are used to from 2001 to 2002, called the CRC foreman, technician or communications engineering, a piece of paper becomes a command to the city general manager, vice president, ministers, directors, management of the mass with a lot of people do not know are ignorant to such a level of professional experience and rush into battle, with predictable results. from the start began the low level of internal management has restricted the development every step of the CRC. performance appraisal approach it within a year four or five times a norm change, institutional settings come and go, from the province to City, in addition to increasing the number of unworthy of the name of the general manager, did not see the slightest increase in benefits for the CRC. Up to now, not poor performance, prospects are disturbing you, it reached the limit, to the One spring night, city branch of the department heads have also become a guide the operation, with the management team with a strong, effective use of management obtain it? not, in addition to the one and then springing a big hat, head out to be much more open. this point, every Railway staff and was in CRC spent, and the CRC believe that any of cooperation have an answer in his heart.
comes to financial management, others do not say that you ask there are a few manufacturers, ...
Wednesday, December 22, 2010
Olympic Competition Problems (100 Questions) 3
1, where the birthplace of the Olympic movement?
Olympia, the birthplace of the Olympic Movement, in the Greek capital Athens, about 300 km southwest of the place.
2, who is founder of the ancient Olympic Games?
Founder of the ancient Olympic Games are Yifei Tucci.
3, how the origin of the Olympic torch?
Olympic torch originated in ancient Greek mythology, Prometheus stole fire for the human story of God. in memory of the mythical Hero, the ancient Olympic Games, a ceremony to light the flame.
4, So far, it vividly depicts the players skill, throwing a beautiful gesture.
5, who is founder of the modern Olympics?
on behalf of the Olympic movement founder Pierre de Coubertin, was the second president of the International Olympic Committee .
6, the famous When the birth?
1894 年 6 23, held in Paris, Who?
the first President of the International Olympic Committee is the Greek poet Vike-Las.
9, the International Olympic Committee headquarters where?
International Olympic Committee headquarters in the world city, organization.
11, the International Olympic Committee The official language is that? In recent years, increased Spanish, Russian and German, which is the common language in 5 languages, one voice heard at the meeting. International Olympic Committee documents, including the Olympic Chapter Constitution, important documents, including, in the case in English Law discrepancy between the text, places the French text shall prevail.
12, what is the purpose of the Olympic movement?
Olympic Charter expressly provides that the purpose of the Olympic Movement are: to make sport for the harmonious development of human services, to enhance human dignity; to friendship, solidarity and fair play, and promote mutual understanding between young people and thus contribute to a peaceful and better world; athletes in the world once every 4 years sporting festival - - the Olympic Games come together.
13, the Olympic spirit is what? Who's?
Olympic spirit embodied in the Olympic movement has always been the aim and proposed to follow the motto and slogans. and progress a wide range of mass.
14, what is the motto of the Olympic movement? Who's?
Olympic motto is an old friend Henry - b Di East, 1895 Martin's.
15, who first developed the Olympic Charter?
first Olympic Charter is the founder of the modern Olympic movement Pierre de Coubertin himself developed. 16, taken up by the IOC executive committee member?
the IOC Executive Committee consists of a Chairman, four Vice-Chairman, together constitute the Executive Committee 6.
17, the first International Olympic Committee female executive members of any country, what is it?
1990, the Venezuelans Yi Sawa b Fonseca person Executive Committee, she is the International Olympic Committee since its inception in 1894 the first female executive committee.
18, chaired the International Olympic Committee had a few? seventh Who?
since the International Olympic Committee since 1894, has served as President of 7 people. International Olympic Committee President is the seventh b Juan Antonio Samaranch b.
19, Coubertin was the first of several of the International Olympic Committee President? Pierre b de b Coubertin second president of the International Olympic Committee.
20 on June 23 the day the development of the modern Olympic movement has great historical significance In 1986 the IOC decided to June 23 each year as its principles? cycle known as the Olympiad Olympic Games. modern Olympic Games has always followed the principle of Olympiad, namely: the war can not be scheduled due to host the Olympic Games, is still regarded as a leap year every session.
23, the first session which year the Olympic Games, where it held? the first Olympic Games 1896 in Athens, Greece.
24, What is the pattern of the Olympic flag? mean? the Olympic flag is white, boundless Central has five rings connected to each other sets of color from left to right followed by blue, yellow, black, green and red rings symbolize the five continents .5 unity and athletes around the world to fair play and friendship in the spirit Olympic Games together.
25, the Olympic anthem song called what, words, music of the Who were?
this music is from the Greek composer Spiros Samaras b, b Kostis Pa Lamas lyrics of the level. Gold Medal awarded to the development of the Olympic movement's national leaders have made outstanding contributions; silver medal awarded for outstanding sports achievements in the establishment of the National Olympic Committee or the sports leaders and celebrities.
27, China Several people have been access to the Olympic medal? China has received 19 medals, they are thousands of miles, Rong Gaotang, system clock division, Huang, Li Menghua, Mr Chan, Lu Jin Dong Song, by Wu Shaozu, Li Tieying, Xu Yinsheng, Xu, etc..
28, when the establishment of the Olympic Cup, awarded to what groups? 1906, according to Pierre de Coubertin proposed the establishment of the award decision. trophies awarded the Olympic movement who have made outstanding contributions to the development of institutions and organizations.
29, when China won the Olympic Cup? April 28, 1986.
30, Olympic competition is how to provide for the project, and to comply with what principle? generally by the International Olympic Committee, the IOC recognized IFs sports organizations and the host city of the tripartite decision. determine the Olympic athletic competition project has three basic principles: A, must be generally carried out in the world of sports; B, the promotion of good health and good exercise program; C, are currently being developed uniform regulations and rules of competition sports.
31, Olympic events, including at least a few? Olympic events, including at least 15 projects.
32, the Olympic Games of years of history, canceled Which ones? to cancel the project and then resume what? cricket, croquet, golf, play tennis, lacrosse, motorboat race, Polo, Rock ball, squash, rugby. Ever since the first Olympic Games tennis event included 1928 Ninth canceled twenty-fourth Olympic Games in 1988 has returned as an official event.
33, Olympic athletes who swear words are usually read, what are the contents?
according to the International Olympic Committee decided, from the 1920 Olympic Games will arrange the seventh player under oath.'s most famous athlete from the host country, holding the banner of the left hand corner, lifting his right hand took the oath: the true spirit of sport will be participating in this sports competition, respect and abide by the rules. property is held in Munich from 1972 Olympic Games appears the twentieth, as the pattern of a small dog, from the formation of the Olympic tradition.
35, the world's first set of Olympic commemorative stamps issued by the State which were a few gold? Greece in the first Olympic Games issued the world's first set of Olympic commemorative stamps, a total of 12.
36, the first gathering of the five continents where the athletes on the Olympic Games? five continents gathered in 1904 and the first player fourth in the Olympic Games held in London.
37, is the largest in Olympic Games which session? participating countries (regions) and the largest number of athletes is the twenty-fifth, with 172 countries and regions, 10,632 people .
38, has not missed a few countries which participated in the Olympic Games? once participated in the sessions do not miss the Summer Games just four countries: Australia, Greece, Britain and Switzerland.
39, the Olympic flame fire How to transfer to the host country? First of all, gathered in Olympia, the sun with a condenser ignition torch and then sent to Athens, then aircraft, ships, cars, motorcycles and other vehicles transporting, or on foot will be sent to the host city for the torch relay in .1926 Montreal Olympic Games of modern scientific and technical means used to send the fire lit the Olympic torch, but the practice was opposed, we believe that this loss of meaning to send the torch. since 1980 has restored the traditional torch relay transmission.
40 Olympics bid by the State or the city's bid? How bid? Olympic Games hosted by the city to apply. In the past, a country can also have several cities to host a session of the Olympic Games, the IOC made a change to this provision : City to host the Olympic Games, the National Olympic Committee agreed, by the official authorities of the city presented to the International Olympic Committee; in several cities to apply, by the International Olympic Committee met to select one. This meetings must be non-candidate countries held in the city, under normal circumstances not later than six years ago selected. such as the International Olympic Committee found that the city was selected at the Olympic Games is not suitable when the interim agreement can change the address.
41, marathon running is how come?
first Olympic Games began to set up a 490 years, Greece and Persia in the Marathon Valley army sent by the emperor engaged in a fierce battle, the Athenian army outside the case without reinforcement, united as one, using the correct tactical skills to win with fewer, defeated the Persian invaders, and achieved a brilliant victory. as a messenger at the Feidi Pi Rhodes instructed to tell as soon as news of the victory of Athens residents suffering compatriots to share the joy of victory earlier. He gave a long way, from Marathon to Athens in one breath , arrived in Athens, he has worn out, just say bit patriotic soldiers in the Battle of Marathon, he wrote a long letter Coubertin, proposed in 1896 to introduce a first Olympic Games as persons. He also proposed that would like to donate a race distance, is the former Fei Dipi Rhodes ran the route, the journey is 40 km. The second session of the Olympic marathon is 40.260 km range, the third is 40 km marathon final of the fourth official Olympic distance is 42.195 kilometers. This is because, in 1908 when the fourth Olympics in London, the British royal family to watch the marathon, the Organizing Committee will be arranged starting temperature Shar Palace lawn before the finish in White City Stadium, The distance between the two is 26 miles, but the whole royal family members before them to 385 yards, so the whole is 26 miles and 385 yards, after being converted to 42.195 kilometers.
42, what is the Olympic cycle? Olympic cycle refers to the Olympic Games from the beginning to the next Olympics, which the 4 consecutive years, as an Olympic cycle. the modern Olympic Games from the 1896 cycle is the first Olympic Games in Athens began to calculate. Since then, even though a session of the Olympic Games for some reason did not hold (eg, sixth, twelfth, thirteenth,) the order shall continue to be calculated. Olympic cycle only in the summer Olympics (Winter Olympics, held by the actual number of calculations).
43, What is the Olympic Village?
the Olympic Village is designed for Olympic athletes to stay in France, where .1924 8 Olympic Games held in Paris, the French athletes in the stadium built specifically for a row of wooden structure, housing, This is the prototype of the Olympic Village in Los Angeles Olympic Games, .1932, the United States for the first time all the contestants and staff quarters built a special, it would be known as the the International Olympic Committee's attention. Later, the IOC Olympic Charter clearly stipulates that the host should be dedicated sportsmen and women provide a good home, so that athletes and team officials to live together. Village location should be in the main stadium , driving range nearby.
44, Olympic gold medal number is calculated? Olympic gold medals is based on events (individual number) calculated according to the actual song is not made of gold is calculated. This is because the Olympic Games in Many collective projects, such as ball games, relay races, etc., to participate in each of the final winning team must win a gold medal, but the calculation of the total number of gold medals, a total only a gold medal. silver and bronze medals and the calculation of the gold medal the same.
45, Munich morning, five Palestinian police to rescue failed, and 11 hostages were killed, bloody awful tragedy, known as the ended September 11, this is the first time in Olympic history. The bloodshed caused by the shock of the sports community to promote the Olympic Games after the sessions to enhance the safety and security.
46, which Olympic athletes more than the number of journalists ? 1976 Montreal Olympic Games, due to emergence of large-scale boycott of African countries, there have been 28 African countries out of the race, so the number of athletes is only 6153, while the number of journalists who are the 7886, which for the first time the Olympic Games in the history of the years after World War II, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) television in London with the Olympic Games, only the 4559 British national television.
48, for the first time the Olympic Games satellite transmissions which year? 1964 held in Tokyo, Japan eighteenth Olympic Games, first use the satellite to broadcast games live games around the world.
49, when the Olympics begin using electronic scoring equipment? tenth London 1948 Olympic Games, stadium installed a large electronic scoreboard for the first time released the athlete more rapid results and rankings, the real use of advanced electronic scoring equipment from the beginning of the 1972 Munich Olympics.
50, for the first time high-definition TV Games is the degree of which year? in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, Philips sent 300 technical staff, for the first time the audience via satellite to broadcast the Olympics in Europe pomp .51, Olympic Council of Asia is where and when established? established in New Delhi in 1949.
52, when China joined the Olympic Council of Asia? All-China Sports Federation since 1973 to become a full member of the OCA, the OCA accepted the 1982 Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee for its members.
53, who is the current Chairman of the Chinese Olympic Committee? Yuan Weimin.
54, China's first press interview with the Olympic Games who? in 1936, the 11th Olympic Games in Berlin, China's official news agency sent the first recorded Olympic Games adopted a true journalist is Feng.
55, when New China was founded after the first Olympics? XV 1952 Helsinki Olympic Games, the new first time that China sent a 40 The sports delegation.
56, which is known as Olympic Games competition across the two continents? sixteenth Melbourne Olympic Games in 1956 across two continents called the game. As the Australian law, animals must be quarantined Immigration 6 months, resulting in the equestrian events could not be conducted on the final equestrian events had to be carried out in Stockholm, Sweden.
57, which the largest is the next Olympic Games? of the largest Olympic Games held in 1988 in Seoul, South Korea's first Twenty-fourth Olympic Games. This is the second Olympic Games held in Asia. from 160 countries and regions gathered together 9,581 athletes, this is what sports power after 12 years apart and then reunited. this Olympic Games a total of major items of 23 matches, 237 single, common competition 234 gold medals. including the new table tennis and tennis are two sports. Therefore, in terms of numbers, or from the events of view, the Olympics are far the largest scale.
58, the smallest of which the Olympic Games next? smallest of the Olympic Games is July 1, 1904 to October 29 St. Louis City in the United States at the third Olympic Games. participate in the competition Only from 12 countries 625 athletes, including female athletes 8. and the host U.S. team accounted for 533 people. This is because the traffic inconvenience to the St. Louis city, travel expensive and, therefore, France and several other European countries do not send people to participate. even send teams to participate in the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, Switzerland, Hungary, Greece, a few countries, only sent several representatives, only 39 athletes together. For these reasons, led to some projects, such as boxing, freestyle wrestling, archery, water polo and so on, as the competition between the United States players within. The Olympic Games is the number of participating countries and at least one entry.
59, the first black Olympic champion, who is? in 4t400 won the fourth Olympic relay champion University of Pennsylvania student John b Taylor.
60, the first modern Olympic Games champion who? the first modern Olympic champion the United States track and field athletes, James b Connolly . he was held in 1896 the first modern Olympic Games in the triple jump event, to 13.71 meters to win first place in the results, the removal of the Games is the first modern Olympic Games gold medal.
61, in the previous Summer Olympic Games were the most gold medals of any country? in the previous Summer Olympic Games gold medals than any other country by the United States, has won 741. U.S. team in addition to the absence of the 1980 Moscow Olympics, the rest were sent teams to participate in the sessions of the Olympic Games the. but also in the medals table topped the list 11 times, 7 degrees the second, two placing him under the Soviet Union and East Germany was third.
62, all previous Summer Olympics were the most gold medals are? previous summer Games won the most gold medals have three, each received 9 gold medals, they are: 1, the U.S. men swimmers Mark Spitz b. He organized the 1968 Mexico City Summer Olympics was the nineteenth 2 block swimming gold medals; in the 1972 Olympics, he was approved to participate in four individual events and three relay events, projects, and in the game miraculously won the 7 items of 7 gold medals and created a competition the largest number of Olympic gold medal record, but also the previous Summer Olympic Games get the most gold medals on one of .2, the former Soviet women gymnasts Larisa b La Nina. She has access to the former Soviet Union in 1960 for the Olympic women's gymnastics team title, has achieved a lot, and access to the Olympic Games all-around, floor exercise two titles. In the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games held in the eighteenth, the Maserati is the most striking woman Nina gymnasts. She years 1956 -1964 in 3 consecutive Olympic gold medal 9 .3, Finland, track and field athletes Paavo Nurmi b. He's seventh in the 1920 Olympic Games held in the limelight, access to the 10,000 m champion and 5,000 sub- Mia Jun; in 1924 Olympic Games held in the eighth, Rumi, winning the 1,500 meters, 3,000 meters (group), 5,000 m, 10,000 m 4 gold medals. It is worth mentioning that in the 1,500 m and 5,000 m race Race is only 1.5 hours of rest between the time. This shows the strength of Rumi, the other hand, the performance of his extraordinary perseverance. This playing field has become a miracle, he has been praised as the king. the results of the most sailing history. He in 1948, 1952, 1958, 1960, the 4 consecutive Olympic Games sailing winner of the first people.
64, who created the history of the Olympic Games track and field results the most?
United States track and field athletes, Alfred b Eritrea results to create the most track and field history. He 1956,1960, 1964,1968 on the 4 Olympic Games in the discus event, continuous access to the project's four gold medals respectively 56.36 m, 59.18 m, 61 m, 64.78 m, both breaking the Olympic record. He is in the same project in Olympic history four consecutive years from being the only player, is also the history of the Olympics following the Danish yachtsman Paul Firth b to achieve such success Trondheim after the second one.
65, the gold medalist in the Olympics, who is the youngest player ? held in Berlin in 1936, the 11th Olympic Games, United States b Female Diver Marjorie Rogers Telin won the women's springboard diving gold medal. She was born November 18, 1922, won the championship at the age of 13 years, is the youngest winner in Olympic history. But the Paris Olympics in 1900 there helmsman a double game, after the Dutch team in the preliminaries was helmsman of the black b Buluoshiman overweight impede the ship's speed, so when the final A French boy as helmsman. the game, the Dutch team won the championship. They won the gold medal, just remember that the boy's age, only about 7 years old, but forgot his name. Otherwise, the youngest Olympic gold medalist Jesse Telin's name will be replaced by the French boy.
66, Olympic gold medalist, the oldest player is who? oldest athlete in the Olympics is a long Swedish men shooter Oscar Seoul b Swan. in 1908 , 1912,1920 3 Olympic Games in the Olympic shooting tournament he won a bronze medal.
67, received the gold medal in the Olympics, the tallest female athletes who? get the gold medal in the Olympics who, tallest female player is the former Soviet woman blue Nova Semyon 伊乌利亚娜 b ball player. She is a world famous center, the former Soviet Union women's basketball team's main players, height 2.10 meters. the former Soviet Union women's team in 1976, reelected in 1980, two Olympics Female blue champion.
68, the biggest injustice in the history of what the Olympics? Olympic history is the biggest miscarriage of justice, American victims of racial discrimination. The 5th Olympic Games the most famous person in the United States track and field athletes of genius Valley Farm b Thorpe, his race in the pentathlon, decathlon competition on the two most difficult events in outstanding achievements. However, the annals of Olympic champion Ian Thorpe's name was not because the U.S. racist framed Thorpe a evidence gold, and are denied eligibility to participate in amateur competition. In this way, a talented athlete to be smothered. Thorpe everywhere, but nowhere .1953 complaint, he was in the poor and sick, passed away in anger. He left behind The last sentence is: S & P's children. This is the trailer for 70 years was able to clarify the ; Johnson Seoul Olympic 100 meters race, he again won on, he scores again, 9 seconds 79 record breaking century for the world's attention. when people go to admire the attention he cast when Johnson made the International Olympic Committee failed drug test, recovery of gold, the decision to cancel the record. Johnson quietly home. then Canada will begin a series of surveys, public hearings, confirmed that Johnson committed crimes not only in the Seoul Olympics, a few years ago had taken a banned substance. Therefore, he created the world in 1987 records have been canceled, and sentenced to life shall not be taught.
70, who spent more than what an Olympic Games? spent most of the twenty-second Moscow Olympics. According to reports, the former Soviet Union to host the Games, The total cost 9.2 billion. This is a record number of Olympic history. It makes Pacifico Olympics has been a great development of sports venues. According to statistics, a large stadium increased from the original stable of more than 50 to nearly 70, from the artificial pool the development of more than 30 to 60 people, an increase of 1,300 from the stadium more than 1,600 hh At the same time, also finishing a city building, improving the transport network.
71, was the first to which doping Olympic Games? 12 October 1968 to 27 in Mexico City Olympic Games in the nineteenth, were the first official doping sex and give check (reason: in the seventeenth session of the Olympic Games in 1960, Danish cyclist, a violent death during the race, the dissection was found to be caused by steroids. Since then, the IOC made a decision, all of the players were doping.) examination of gender, all Female athletes have achieved qualifying. but doping has taken place in two events. Bulgarian Greco-Roman wrestling athletes due to doping of a class of drugs was removed; Swedish team won the modern pentathlon competition in the third group, but was found in an athlete drinking team, the examination revealed a blood alcohol content exceeds the required level, and it will be deprived of the team's game rank.
72, Asia's first Olympic medal for people who received? host the second Olympic Games in 1900 when the Indians studying in the UK promises Herman b Pritchard, with the British delegation took part in the Olympics. He ran in the 200 meters and 200 meters hurdles race won two silver medals became the first Asian to receive the medal in the Olympics, he is also Asia's first Olympic athletes.
73, the first Asian city to host the Games which? the first Asian city to host the Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo, it had three times to apply. The first time was in 1940, won the twelfth Olympics, but not the end of World War II and to do so. The second time was in 1960, lost out in the bid for Rome, Italy . The third time was in 1964, the success of the Olympic Games hosted the eighteenth.
74, Asia's strongest competition in the Olympic Games project is which? is the men's field hockey. India, 1928-1956 6 Olympic Games 6 retained the title, and later in 1964,1980 win in two Olympics, winning eight gold medals. Pakistan has in 1960,1968,1984 in 3 Olympic Games champion. Asian men's field hockey match is achieved other continents can not be compared.
75, Asia in the Summer Olympics were the first gold medal athlete? held in Amsterdam in 1928, the ninth Summer Olympic Games, the Japanese triple jumper Mikio Oda wins in Asia won the first gold medal in a Summer Olympics.
76, received China's first Olympic gold medal athlete? be China's first Olympic gold medal athlete Xu Haifeng. he was the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games in pistol competition, access to The first Olympic Games gold medal. This is also the Olympic Games since 1932, achieved since the first gold medal, can be described as a breakthrough.
77, the Chinese athletes, who get the most gold medals? Li Ning, who in 1980 Los Angeles Olympic Games, she won the floor exercise, pommel horse, rings, three champion, got 3 gold medals.
78, the least expensive Olympic Games which term? the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. Los Angeles was organized in 1932 the Olympic Games, so what is the need Xintian sports facilities and does not require expansion of urban transportation network and the construction of the Olympic Village. this Olympic Games planned to spend about 500 million U.S. dollars, in fact, not only the deficit does not appear, and there are $ 250,000,000 surplus.
79, the first woman compete in the Olympics where the term is? the second Olympic Games in 1900, the woman has broken the shackles of the ancient Olympic Games, thousands of years, first attended the meeting. But the women participating , the International Olympic Committee has not been officially recognized. At that time, the Committee to participate in the Olympic Games women's issues, there are still serious differences between the .1912 section 14 of the International Olympic Committee meeting, the debate became intense level, the problem had not yet been resolved to compromise on the women's competition issues are neither prohibited nor officially recognized. Until 1824, the IOC held in Paris, the 22nd meeting, the only officially allow women to participate in the Olympic Games.
80, the largest in Olympic history What boycott? Olympic planning the largest boycott in the history of the 1976 Montreal Olympics, the twenty-first African countries to boycott the event. ... South African government
Olympia, the birthplace of the Olympic Movement, in the Greek capital Athens, about 300 km southwest of the place.
2, who is founder of the ancient Olympic Games?
Founder of the ancient Olympic Games are Yifei Tucci.
3, how the origin of the Olympic torch?
Olympic torch originated in ancient Greek mythology, Prometheus stole fire for the human story of God. in memory of the mythical Hero, the ancient Olympic Games, a ceremony to light the flame.
4, So far, it vividly depicts the players skill, throwing a beautiful gesture.
5, who is founder of the modern Olympics?
on behalf of the Olympic movement founder Pierre de Coubertin, was the second president of the International Olympic Committee .
6, the famous When the birth?
1894 年 6 23, held in Paris, Who?
the first President of the International Olympic Committee is the Greek poet Vike-Las.
9, the International Olympic Committee headquarters where?
International Olympic Committee headquarters in the world city, organization.
11, the International Olympic Committee The official language is that? In recent years, increased Spanish, Russian and German, which is the common language in 5 languages, one voice heard at the meeting. International Olympic Committee documents, including the Olympic Chapter Constitution, important documents, including, in the case in English Law discrepancy between the text, places the French text shall prevail.
12, what is the purpose of the Olympic movement?
Olympic Charter expressly provides that the purpose of the Olympic Movement are: to make sport for the harmonious development of human services, to enhance human dignity; to friendship, solidarity and fair play, and promote mutual understanding between young people and thus contribute to a peaceful and better world; athletes in the world once every 4 years sporting festival - - the Olympic Games come together.
13, the Olympic spirit is what? Who's?
Olympic spirit embodied in the Olympic movement has always been the aim and proposed to follow the motto and slogans. and progress a wide range of mass.
14, what is the motto of the Olympic movement? Who's?
Olympic motto is an old friend Henry - b Di East, 1895 Martin's.
15, who first developed the Olympic Charter?
first Olympic Charter is the founder of the modern Olympic movement Pierre de Coubertin himself developed. 16, taken up by the IOC executive committee member?
the IOC Executive Committee consists of a Chairman, four Vice-Chairman, together constitute the Executive Committee 6.
17, the first International Olympic Committee female executive members of any country, what is it?
1990, the Venezuelans Yi Sawa b Fonseca person Executive Committee, she is the International Olympic Committee since its inception in 1894 the first female executive committee.
18, chaired the International Olympic Committee had a few? seventh Who?
since the International Olympic Committee since 1894, has served as President of 7 people. International Olympic Committee President is the seventh b Juan Antonio Samaranch b.
19, Coubertin was the first of several of the International Olympic Committee President? Pierre b de b Coubertin second president of the International Olympic Committee.
20 on June 23 the day the development of the modern Olympic movement has great historical significance In 1986 the IOC decided to June 23 each year as its principles? cycle known as the Olympiad Olympic Games. modern Olympic Games has always followed the principle of Olympiad, namely: the war can not be scheduled due to host the Olympic Games, is still regarded as a leap year every session.
23, the first session which year the Olympic Games, where it held? the first Olympic Games 1896 in Athens, Greece.
24, What is the pattern of the Olympic flag? mean? the Olympic flag is white, boundless Central has five rings connected to each other sets of color from left to right followed by blue, yellow, black, green and red rings symbolize the five continents .5 unity and athletes around the world to fair play and friendship in the spirit Olympic Games together.
25, the Olympic anthem song called what, words, music of the Who were?
this music is from the Greek composer Spiros Samaras b, b Kostis Pa Lamas lyrics of the level. Gold Medal awarded to the development of the Olympic movement's national leaders have made outstanding contributions; silver medal awarded for outstanding sports achievements in the establishment of the National Olympic Committee or the sports leaders and celebrities.
27, China Several people have been access to the Olympic medal? China has received 19 medals, they are thousands of miles, Rong Gaotang, system clock division, Huang, Li Menghua, Mr Chan, Lu Jin Dong Song, by Wu Shaozu, Li Tieying, Xu Yinsheng, Xu, etc..
28, when the establishment of the Olympic Cup, awarded to what groups? 1906, according to Pierre de Coubertin proposed the establishment of the award decision. trophies awarded the Olympic movement who have made outstanding contributions to the development of institutions and organizations.
29, when China won the Olympic Cup? April 28, 1986.
30, Olympic competition is how to provide for the project, and to comply with what principle? generally by the International Olympic Committee, the IOC recognized IFs sports organizations and the host city of the tripartite decision. determine the Olympic athletic competition project has three basic principles: A, must be generally carried out in the world of sports; B, the promotion of good health and good exercise program; C, are currently being developed uniform regulations and rules of competition sports.
31, Olympic events, including at least a few? Olympic events, including at least 15 projects.
32, the Olympic Games of years of history, canceled Which ones? to cancel the project and then resume what? cricket, croquet, golf, play tennis, lacrosse, motorboat race, Polo, Rock ball, squash, rugby. Ever since the first Olympic Games tennis event included 1928 Ninth canceled twenty-fourth Olympic Games in 1988 has returned as an official event.
33, Olympic athletes who swear words are usually read, what are the contents?
according to the International Olympic Committee decided, from the 1920 Olympic Games will arrange the seventh player under oath.'s most famous athlete from the host country, holding the banner of the left hand corner, lifting his right hand took the oath: the true spirit of sport will be participating in this sports competition, respect and abide by the rules. property is held in Munich from 1972 Olympic Games appears the twentieth, as the pattern of a small dog, from the formation of the Olympic tradition.
35, the world's first set of Olympic commemorative stamps issued by the State which were a few gold? Greece in the first Olympic Games issued the world's first set of Olympic commemorative stamps, a total of 12.
36, the first gathering of the five continents where the athletes on the Olympic Games? five continents gathered in 1904 and the first player fourth in the Olympic Games held in London.
37, is the largest in Olympic Games which session? participating countries (regions) and the largest number of athletes is the twenty-fifth, with 172 countries and regions, 10,632 people .
38, has not missed a few countries which participated in the Olympic Games? once participated in the sessions do not miss the Summer Games just four countries: Australia, Greece, Britain and Switzerland.
39, the Olympic flame fire How to transfer to the host country? First of all, gathered in Olympia, the sun with a condenser ignition torch and then sent to Athens, then aircraft, ships, cars, motorcycles and other vehicles transporting, or on foot will be sent to the host city for the torch relay in .1926 Montreal Olympic Games of modern scientific and technical means used to send the fire lit the Olympic torch, but the practice was opposed, we believe that this loss of meaning to send the torch. since 1980 has restored the traditional torch relay transmission.
40 Olympics bid by the State or the city's bid? How bid? Olympic Games hosted by the city to apply. In the past, a country can also have several cities to host a session of the Olympic Games, the IOC made a change to this provision : City to host the Olympic Games, the National Olympic Committee agreed, by the official authorities of the city presented to the International Olympic Committee; in several cities to apply, by the International Olympic Committee met to select one. This meetings must be non-candidate countries held in the city, under normal circumstances not later than six years ago selected. such as the International Olympic Committee found that the city was selected at the Olympic Games is not suitable when the interim agreement can change the address.
41, marathon running is how come?
first Olympic Games began to set up a 490 years, Greece and Persia in the Marathon Valley army sent by the emperor engaged in a fierce battle, the Athenian army outside the case without reinforcement, united as one, using the correct tactical skills to win with fewer, defeated the Persian invaders, and achieved a brilliant victory. as a messenger at the Feidi Pi Rhodes instructed to tell as soon as news of the victory of Athens residents suffering compatriots to share the joy of victory earlier. He gave a long way, from Marathon to Athens in one breath , arrived in Athens, he has worn out, just say bit patriotic soldiers in the Battle of Marathon, he wrote a long letter Coubertin, proposed in 1896 to introduce a first Olympic Games as persons. He also proposed that would like to donate a race distance, is the former Fei Dipi Rhodes ran the route, the journey is 40 km. The second session of the Olympic marathon is 40.260 km range, the third is 40 km marathon final of the fourth official Olympic distance is 42.195 kilometers. This is because, in 1908 when the fourth Olympics in London, the British royal family to watch the marathon, the Organizing Committee will be arranged starting temperature Shar Palace lawn before the finish in White City Stadium, The distance between the two is 26 miles, but the whole royal family members before them to 385 yards, so the whole is 26 miles and 385 yards, after being converted to 42.195 kilometers.
42, what is the Olympic cycle? Olympic cycle refers to the Olympic Games from the beginning to the next Olympics, which the 4 consecutive years, as an Olympic cycle. the modern Olympic Games from the 1896 cycle is the first Olympic Games in Athens began to calculate. Since then, even though a session of the Olympic Games for some reason did not hold (eg, sixth, twelfth, thirteenth,) the order shall continue to be calculated. Olympic cycle only in the summer Olympics (Winter Olympics, held by the actual number of calculations).
43, What is the Olympic Village?
the Olympic Village is designed for Olympic athletes to stay in France, where .1924 8 Olympic Games held in Paris, the French athletes in the stadium built specifically for a row of wooden structure, housing, This is the prototype of the Olympic Village in Los Angeles Olympic Games, .1932, the United States for the first time all the contestants and staff quarters built a special, it would be known as the the International Olympic Committee's attention. Later, the IOC Olympic Charter clearly stipulates that the host should be dedicated sportsmen and women provide a good home, so that athletes and team officials to live together. Village location should be in the main stadium , driving range nearby.
44, Olympic gold medal number is calculated? Olympic gold medals is based on events (individual number) calculated according to the actual song is not made of gold is calculated. This is because the Olympic Games in Many collective projects, such as ball games, relay races, etc., to participate in each of the final winning team must win a gold medal, but the calculation of the total number of gold medals, a total only a gold medal. silver and bronze medals and the calculation of the gold medal the same.
45, Munich morning, five Palestinian police to rescue failed, and 11 hostages were killed, bloody awful tragedy, known as the ended September 11, this is the first time in Olympic history. The bloodshed caused by the shock of the sports community to promote the Olympic Games after the sessions to enhance the safety and security.
46, which Olympic athletes more than the number of journalists ? 1976 Montreal Olympic Games, due to emergence of large-scale boycott of African countries, there have been 28 African countries out of the race, so the number of athletes is only 6153, while the number of journalists who are the 7886, which for the first time the Olympic Games in the history of the years after World War II, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) television in London with the Olympic Games, only the 4559 British national television.
48, for the first time the Olympic Games satellite transmissions which year? 1964 held in Tokyo, Japan eighteenth Olympic Games, first use the satellite to broadcast games live games around the world.
49, when the Olympics begin using electronic scoring equipment? tenth London 1948 Olympic Games, stadium installed a large electronic scoreboard for the first time released the athlete more rapid results and rankings, the real use of advanced electronic scoring equipment from the beginning of the 1972 Munich Olympics.
50, for the first time high-definition TV Games is the degree of which year? in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, Philips sent 300 technical staff, for the first time the audience via satellite to broadcast the Olympics in Europe pomp .51, Olympic Council of Asia is where and when established? established in New Delhi in 1949.
52, when China joined the Olympic Council of Asia? All-China Sports Federation since 1973 to become a full member of the OCA, the OCA accepted the 1982 Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee for its members.
53, who is the current Chairman of the Chinese Olympic Committee? Yuan Weimin.
54, China's first press interview with the Olympic Games who? in 1936, the 11th Olympic Games in Berlin, China's official news agency sent the first recorded Olympic Games adopted a true journalist is Feng.
55, when New China was founded after the first Olympics? XV 1952 Helsinki Olympic Games, the new first time that China sent a 40 The sports delegation.
56, which is known as Olympic Games competition across the two continents? sixteenth Melbourne Olympic Games in 1956 across two continents called the game. As the Australian law, animals must be quarantined Immigration 6 months, resulting in the equestrian events could not be conducted on the final equestrian events had to be carried out in Stockholm, Sweden.
57, which the largest is the next Olympic Games? of the largest Olympic Games held in 1988 in Seoul, South Korea's first Twenty-fourth Olympic Games. This is the second Olympic Games held in Asia. from 160 countries and regions gathered together 9,581 athletes, this is what sports power after 12 years apart and then reunited. this Olympic Games a total of major items of 23 matches, 237 single, common competition 234 gold medals. including the new table tennis and tennis are two sports. Therefore, in terms of numbers, or from the events of view, the Olympics are far the largest scale.
58, the smallest of which the Olympic Games next? smallest of the Olympic Games is July 1, 1904 to October 29 St. Louis City in the United States at the third Olympic Games. participate in the competition Only from 12 countries 625 athletes, including female athletes 8. and the host U.S. team accounted for 533 people. This is because the traffic inconvenience to the St. Louis city, travel expensive and, therefore, France and several other European countries do not send people to participate. even send teams to participate in the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, Switzerland, Hungary, Greece, a few countries, only sent several representatives, only 39 athletes together. For these reasons, led to some projects, such as boxing, freestyle wrestling, archery, water polo and so on, as the competition between the United States players within. The Olympic Games is the number of participating countries and at least one entry.
59, the first black Olympic champion, who is? in 4t400 won the fourth Olympic relay champion University of Pennsylvania student John b Taylor.
60, the first modern Olympic Games champion who? the first modern Olympic champion the United States track and field athletes, James b Connolly . he was held in 1896 the first modern Olympic Games in the triple jump event, to 13.71 meters to win first place in the results, the removal of the Games is the first modern Olympic Games gold medal.
61, in the previous Summer Olympic Games were the most gold medals of any country? in the previous Summer Olympic Games gold medals than any other country by the United States, has won 741. U.S. team in addition to the absence of the 1980 Moscow Olympics, the rest were sent teams to participate in the sessions of the Olympic Games the. but also in the medals table topped the list 11 times, 7 degrees the second, two placing him under the Soviet Union and East Germany was third.
62, all previous Summer Olympics were the most gold medals are? previous summer Games won the most gold medals have three, each received 9 gold medals, they are: 1, the U.S. men swimmers Mark Spitz b. He organized the 1968 Mexico City Summer Olympics was the nineteenth 2 block swimming gold medals; in the 1972 Olympics, he was approved to participate in four individual events and three relay events, projects, and in the game miraculously won the 7 items of 7 gold medals and created a competition the largest number of Olympic gold medal record, but also the previous Summer Olympic Games get the most gold medals on one of .2, the former Soviet women gymnasts Larisa b La Nina. She has access to the former Soviet Union in 1960 for the Olympic women's gymnastics team title, has achieved a lot, and access to the Olympic Games all-around, floor exercise two titles. In the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games held in the eighteenth, the Maserati is the most striking woman Nina gymnasts. She years 1956 -1964 in 3 consecutive Olympic gold medal 9 .3, Finland, track and field athletes Paavo Nurmi b. He's seventh in the 1920 Olympic Games held in the limelight, access to the 10,000 m champion and 5,000 sub- Mia Jun; in 1924 Olympic Games held in the eighth, Rumi, winning the 1,500 meters, 3,000 meters (group), 5,000 m, 10,000 m 4 gold medals. It is worth mentioning that in the 1,500 m and 5,000 m race Race is only 1.5 hours of rest between the time. This shows the strength of Rumi, the other hand, the performance of his extraordinary perseverance. This playing field has become a miracle, he has been praised as the king. the results of the most sailing history. He in 1948, 1952, 1958, 1960, the 4 consecutive Olympic Games sailing winner of the first people.
64, who created the history of the Olympic Games track and field results the most?
United States track and field athletes, Alfred b Eritrea results to create the most track and field history. He 1956,1960, 1964,1968 on the 4 Olympic Games in the discus event, continuous access to the project's four gold medals respectively 56.36 m, 59.18 m, 61 m, 64.78 m, both breaking the Olympic record. He is in the same project in Olympic history four consecutive years from being the only player, is also the history of the Olympics following the Danish yachtsman Paul Firth b to achieve such success Trondheim after the second one.
65, the gold medalist in the Olympics, who is the youngest player ? held in Berlin in 1936, the 11th Olympic Games, United States b Female Diver Marjorie Rogers Telin won the women's springboard diving gold medal. She was born November 18, 1922, won the championship at the age of 13 years, is the youngest winner in Olympic history. But the Paris Olympics in 1900 there helmsman a double game, after the Dutch team in the preliminaries was helmsman of the black b Buluoshiman overweight impede the ship's speed, so when the final A French boy as helmsman. the game, the Dutch team won the championship. They won the gold medal, just remember that the boy's age, only about 7 years old, but forgot his name. Otherwise, the youngest Olympic gold medalist Jesse Telin's name will be replaced by the French boy.
66, Olympic gold medalist, the oldest player is who? oldest athlete in the Olympics is a long Swedish men shooter Oscar Seoul b Swan. in 1908 , 1912,1920 3 Olympic Games in the Olympic shooting tournament he won a bronze medal.
67, received the gold medal in the Olympics, the tallest female athletes who? get the gold medal in the Olympics who, tallest female player is the former Soviet woman blue Nova Semyon 伊乌利亚娜 b ball player. She is a world famous center, the former Soviet Union women's basketball team's main players, height 2.10 meters. the former Soviet Union women's team in 1976, reelected in 1980, two Olympics Female blue champion.
68, the biggest injustice in the history of what the Olympics? Olympic history is the biggest miscarriage of justice, American victims of racial discrimination. The 5th Olympic Games the most famous person in the United States track and field athletes of genius Valley Farm b Thorpe, his race in the pentathlon, decathlon competition on the two most difficult events in outstanding achievements. However, the annals of Olympic champion Ian Thorpe's name was not because the U.S. racist framed Thorpe a evidence gold, and are denied eligibility to participate in amateur competition. In this way, a talented athlete to be smothered. Thorpe everywhere, but nowhere .1953 complaint, he was in the poor and sick, passed away in anger. He left behind The last sentence is: S & P's children. This is the trailer for 70 years was able to clarify the ; Johnson Seoul Olympic 100 meters race, he again won on, he scores again, 9 seconds 79 record breaking century for the world's attention. when people go to admire the attention he cast when Johnson made the International Olympic Committee failed drug test, recovery of gold, the decision to cancel the record. Johnson quietly home. then Canada will begin a series of surveys, public hearings, confirmed that Johnson committed crimes not only in the Seoul Olympics, a few years ago had taken a banned substance. Therefore, he created the world in 1987 records have been canceled, and sentenced to life shall not be taught.
70, who spent more than what an Olympic Games? spent most of the twenty-second Moscow Olympics. According to reports, the former Soviet Union to host the Games, The total cost 9.2 billion. This is a record number of Olympic history. It makes Pacifico Olympics has been a great development of sports venues. According to statistics, a large stadium increased from the original stable of more than 50 to nearly 70, from the artificial pool the development of more than 30 to 60 people, an increase of 1,300 from the stadium more than 1,600 hh At the same time, also finishing a city building, improving the transport network.
71, was the first to which doping Olympic Games? 12 October 1968 to 27 in Mexico City Olympic Games in the nineteenth, were the first official doping sex and give check (reason: in the seventeenth session of the Olympic Games in 1960, Danish cyclist, a violent death during the race, the dissection was found to be caused by steroids. Since then, the IOC made a decision, all of the players were doping.) examination of gender, all Female athletes have achieved qualifying. but doping has taken place in two events. Bulgarian Greco-Roman wrestling athletes due to doping of a class of drugs was removed; Swedish team won the modern pentathlon competition in the third group, but was found in an athlete drinking team, the examination revealed a blood alcohol content exceeds the required level, and it will be deprived of the team's game rank.
72, Asia's first Olympic medal for people who received? host the second Olympic Games in 1900 when the Indians studying in the UK promises Herman b Pritchard, with the British delegation took part in the Olympics. He ran in the 200 meters and 200 meters hurdles race won two silver medals became the first Asian to receive the medal in the Olympics, he is also Asia's first Olympic athletes.
73, the first Asian city to host the Games which? the first Asian city to host the Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo, it had three times to apply. The first time was in 1940, won the twelfth Olympics, but not the end of World War II and to do so. The second time was in 1960, lost out in the bid for Rome, Italy . The third time was in 1964, the success of the Olympic Games hosted the eighteenth.
74, Asia's strongest competition in the Olympic Games project is which? is the men's field hockey. India, 1928-1956 6 Olympic Games 6 retained the title, and later in 1964,1980 win in two Olympics, winning eight gold medals. Pakistan has in 1960,1968,1984 in 3 Olympic Games champion. Asian men's field hockey match is achieved other continents can not be compared.
75, Asia in the Summer Olympics were the first gold medal athlete? held in Amsterdam in 1928, the ninth Summer Olympic Games, the Japanese triple jumper Mikio Oda wins in Asia won the first gold medal in a Summer Olympics.
76, received China's first Olympic gold medal athlete? be China's first Olympic gold medal athlete Xu Haifeng. he was the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games in pistol competition, access to The first Olympic Games gold medal. This is also the Olympic Games since 1932, achieved since the first gold medal, can be described as a breakthrough.
77, the Chinese athletes, who get the most gold medals? Li Ning, who in 1980 Los Angeles Olympic Games, she won the floor exercise, pommel horse, rings, three champion, got 3 gold medals.
78, the least expensive Olympic Games which term? the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. Los Angeles was organized in 1932 the Olympic Games, so what is the need Xintian sports facilities and does not require expansion of urban transportation network and the construction of the Olympic Village. this Olympic Games planned to spend about 500 million U.S. dollars, in fact, not only the deficit does not appear, and there are $ 250,000,000 surplus.
79, the first woman compete in the Olympics where the term is? the second Olympic Games in 1900, the woman has broken the shackles of the ancient Olympic Games, thousands of years, first attended the meeting. But the women participating , the International Olympic Committee has not been officially recognized. At that time, the Committee to participate in the Olympic Games women's issues, there are still serious differences between the .1912 section 14 of the International Olympic Committee meeting, the debate became intense level, the problem had not yet been resolved to compromise on the women's competition issues are neither prohibited nor officially recognized. Until 1824, the IOC held in Paris, the 22nd meeting, the only officially allow women to participate in the Olympic Games.
80, the largest in Olympic history What boycott? Olympic planning the largest boycott in the history of the 1976 Montreal Olympics, the twenty-first African countries to boycott the event. ... South African government
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