Chapter 1 the basic knowledge of shooting film. Painting is the addition of art, photography is the art of subtraction. Photography is the art of framing. 2. Framing the basic issue should be considered in 6 points: 1) choice point shooting: shooting point refers to the location of the photographer, strictly speaking, the flight should be the camera, but also the location of the audience. 2) if they had the choice of the screen: full use of Gan Guangpian, to avoid excessive amplification made the cut resulting in a waste of film. 3) Screen Structures (visual center): center of the screen structure should be clear, as the central location, rather than the geometric center of the screen. 4) to highlight the main:: main theme of artistic creation is the embodiment of thought, a news photographer the most important news and information in the picture carrier to occupy a prominent place in the. 5) the use of foreground and background 6) to accompany the use of the body: It is relative to the main screen in terms of components, and the main role is to cooperate to a certain circumstances. 3. Scene is presented the subject in the scope of news photography is one of the screen design elements. According to the needs of the performance of the content, appropriate selection and use of Scene is an important aspect of basic skills to interview and photograph, commonly used Scene a panoramic, medium shot, close range and the specific four, they can give the audience a different visual experience. adjustment, conversion Scene There are two main areas: changes in the camera and the subject is the distance, change the focus of the lens. 4. shooting site selection, including 2 points: 1) Shooting distance: the decision of the 5 Scene: Vision: the greatest scenes captured from the far, focusing on the performance scene is vast, broad vision, not very specific subject, to accompany the body the difference between the performance of an overall effect. Panorama: scope than the perspective of small, used to describe the whole picture of things, the performance of the scene is full of images, primary and secondary hard to distinguish, mainly to introduce the general and the environment. in King: The figure as a reference, medium shot taken is a human bust, is the main focus of the performance of your own to illustrate the relationship between subject and environment, the main performance clearly, the environment for the times, the principal notes, instructions, foil. should be distinguish between primary and secondary, for the performance of action, plot. Close Range: performance is the main object itself, the main role is to describe and show itself, gave people a strong impression on the subject, shooting is the human face and head. Features: Performance is the local scene and details of the recent shooting distance will help to strengthen the public revelation of the photography, with special visual effect, give the reader cause intense psychological feelings, produced a strong impression on the reader. 2) The shooting angle. There 3: horizontal view (most common view is that people will not have any deformation, see the most natural scenery), elevation (the image of the scene is further exaggerated tall and will appear near the far smaller and tilt aberration mainly used to show the mental state of characters strut or exaggerated jumping movements), angle of depression (the scene may look more compression short, used to shoot a big scene, it is because the larger the framing could range). 5. if they had the choice of the main 3 points should be considered: 1) the shape of the scene being shot; 2) screen, the main lines of force given the strength of visual stimulation; 3) the direction of moving subjects. 6. photography often highlight the main methods used there are four kinds: the use of the screen structure centered approach; by contrast method; Utilization of the law; use of depth of field works. 7. Comparison of methods are often used 4: 1) morphological comparison: First, the form itself to the main screen occupy a prominent position, thus highlighting the subject, the second is accompanied by body shape and body shape was significantly different ways to highlight the subject; 2) Size comparison: the Buddha, and to accompany the main body of the screen size of the area and what kind of comparison, First, take the main screen to a large area of space to accompany the body a minor role, and second, using a small way to the big contrast to highlight the main; 3) comparison of static and dynamic (virtual, real comparison); 4) tone, color contrast: refers to the use of light and shade to make the main outstanding differences. 8. perspective the use of the law are 2 points: 1) the law of perspective lines: near the far smaller; landscape contours focus farther; above eye level The more lines extending to the distance the lower is more to go, depending on the level below the upward lines, the more the farther away; sight lines to the left the right focal length, focus on the right lines of sight on the left; 2) The Perspective Law of Tone: Near the scene from the low, clean cut, great contrast and color purity; distance of the scene out high profile becoming increasingly blurred, contrast becomes smaller, the color purity becomes low. 9. the future role of 5 points: 1) background subject; 2) to enhance the screen feeling of depth; 3) A description of the principal, explain the environment; 4) balanced picture; 5) account for the environment. prospects can be divided into frame type, weeping type, bamboo-type conflicts. 10. subject and background The relationship between contrast and take care of the relationship. context of the 4 points: 1) A description of the principal; 2) explain environmental characteristics; 3) to enhance the atmosphere; 4) set off the body. 2 points should be noted that the use of background: the background and avoid the main free; to avoid making the same deal with the main background. 11. accompany the role of the body with 4 points: 1) to help show the main plot; 2) added to enrich the connotation of the main body; 3) off the main body, strengthen the body's performance; 4) comment on the subject, indicating that role. 12. photographic light with 2 purpose: to make Gan Guangpian sensitive, records the image scene being shot; from the description, describe the role and shape the visual image. 13. line role in the shape of a 6 points: 1) outline the subject outline; 2) the performance of the subject three-dimensional shape and spatial depth; 3) the performance of the subject texture; 4) the performance of color and atmosphere; 5) to attract audience's attention, highlighting the subject; 6) create special effects. 14. photography in the form of rules are 4 points: 1) care of the unity and diversity: diversity is the content should be allowed to screen a rich and full of change, unity is between the content of the screen should be mutually coordinated, consistent and take care of that subject and to accompany the body and the foreground and background, between the inner should contact form should echo each other; 2) balance control: equilibrium is a human psychological phenomenon of visual physiology and visual, can bring to readers, viewers and stable visual effects, symmetrical structure is the simplest form of balance, control refers to the features of shape, tone, lines should not be too simple, but should have the diversity, set off each other; 3) rhythm and cadence: means a regular ups and downs, changes and orderly rhythm; 4) simplify the rule: the structure of as little as possible to show the ideological content of as much as possible.
flushing Gan Guangpian Chapter 1. development of the principle is: After developing in the chemical processing, the sense of reduced silver halide light through metallic silver particles, these particles form the image. 2. black and white Gan Guangpian the washing process are developing, was stopped, fixing, washing, drying and other steps. 3. black and white developing as a solvent by liquid water (preferably purified water quality, water temperature should be around 52 degrees C) and contrast, protective agent, accelerator and inhibitor formulated by some of the most important ingredient is the developer and protective agent 4.. black and white developer There are 4 main components: 1) contrast medium: function is to Gan Guangpian photosensitive silver halide has been restored into metal silver particles, so it is a reducing agent. commonly used metol (developing speed, film contrast is small), hydroquinone (developing slower, larger negative contrast, influenced by temperature), Phoenix ketone (metol wished he could close with the image is more soft) .2) protective agent: function is to prevent reagent is not oxidized. commonly used anhydrous sodium sulfite (sulfur oxide); 3) promoter: function and development processes in the water by the developer and the silver halide in the decomposition of bromine ion with the hydrogen bromide generated acid, the same is to make the alkaline developer. peng common sand, sodium carbonate, caustic soda, etc.; 4) inhibitors: the role is to prevent the development generated in the process is like a fog. commonly used potassium bromide (also control development speed and improve development quality). 5. Metol hydroquinone used in conjunction with the composition of MQ developer, said developer; phenidone used in conjunction with hydroquinone developer composition PQ developer said. 6. common developer with D-76, D-23, D-96, PQ-FGF, etc. properties. 7. Control opacification 3 points to note: 1) temperature control (temperature, high-speed imaging , contrast and density of fast growth, low temperature, slow development, slow growth in contrast and density; high temperature will cause rough and developing the image rough, fog degree increase) 2) time control (appropriate to extend the development time can increase the film speed. extended or shorten the development time can increase or decrease the film density, contrast and levels, but will make a loss) 3) agitation control (stir more often, developing speed, contrast large, coarse; stir opposite number varies) 8. stop was The aim is to use explicit solution in acidic and alkaline developer and role of destruction developer of imaging capabilities, the use of imaging to end it. 9. Fixing role is not photosensitive silver removed, preserving the metal from the restored The images of silver particles. fixative usually sodium thiosulfate, but also and Hyperion, commonly known as Da Suda. 10. fixer There are 4 ingredients: 1) fixer (sodium thiosulfate) 2) protective agent ( anhydrous sodium sulfite) 3) acids (acetic acid) 4) Caine film former (potassium alum). commonly used Kodak F-5 fixer with strong acid membrane fixative. 11. The role of washing is to remove the residual liquid film on and other material not necessary to make the film clean for long term preservation. 12. drying can dry box or in a clean environment and air dry. 13. properly identify the quality of the film: the scene in bright and shadow parts of both parts shadow pattern, contrast medium, the image is clear, structured, density known, the clean, no stain spots. 14. film and causes of the problems often appear. P238 15. color developer of the ingredients are: contrast, protective agent, and promote agents, anti-fog agent, water softener. 16. color negative film of the washing process: Color, bleached (black and white negative and more than one procedure, is to form a floating image than silver, so that the color film, leaving only color dye image), washing, fixing, washing, stable, dry, or drying. 17. color reversal film in the washing process: the first was, washing, reversal, color monitor, regulate, bleaching, fixing, washing, and stability , dry. the main program has five steps: First, the initial development; Second, double exposure or reversal processing; is the color development; fourth bleaching; fifth snapshot.
Chapter XII the production of a photo. phase is to backplanes and printed on photographic paper laminated tightly together, by exposure, developing, stopping and fixing the responsibility was with the negative image the same size photos. operating procedures: exposure, development, washing, fixing (the temperature 18-20, time 10-15 minutes), washing, polishing (drying) or dry. India would like the main structure of a light machine room, printing frames, exposure timer button, lighting adjustment buttons. 2. enlarger There are two kinds of concentrating and astigmatism. enlarger lens through the negative to the photographic paper to the lens distance and the distance changes, to control the vast size of the image. the main structure: light room, condenser (or reflective glass) , lens and bracket. 3. black and white photo to enlarge procedures: 1> put the film; 2> adjust the size and focus; 3> Photographic and development: the feeling of amplification factors: light intensity, film thickness, the size of enlarged size , aperture size and enlarge the feeling of paper degrees. exposure, developing, washing, fixing, washing, polishing or dry. 4. black and white photos to enlarge the photo processing: image cropping, contrast control, local exposure treatment. 5. color photos amplification procedures: the school colors (the purpose of the subject to get the right color reduction, resulting in reduction of the right color photos, plus red, green and blue color method used, the subtractive products with a yellow green) - the exposure - development - bleaching set - washing - dry. 6. enlargements system consists of: film processing machines, photographic processing machines, punch machine and cutting machine. 7. enlargements Principles and Methods: Principles of automatic color correction, automatic exposure control, 8. According to the subtractive method, the basic principle of purity , the basic rules of the school colors are three points: 1> what color sample bias, to which the color filter was added; 2> what color sample bias should be reduced to the color complementary color filter; 3> can not be filter using three colors. 9. photo identification color There are two ways: First direct observation; second is to use the school colors for identification cards. Identification of direct observation of color cast photo 6 factors should be considered when the situation: Exposure is accurate; first impression; the use of photos in the picture color gray tone to restore the situation to determine; to the middle density part of the picture based on the situation to determine the color cast; attention to restore the person's skin color; consider the special needs of performance 10.. color photo flushing should pay attention to four issues: temperature problems (temperature should not exceed plus or minus 0.3 degrees Celsius); regular stirring (the purpose of maintaining the one hand, the uniformity of liquid penetration, on the other hand can continue to make fresh liquid added photos up, method: photos into the liquid just after 30 seconds of continuous agitation, and then a little stir every 5 seconds, 15); plus replacement fluid (each by a 30CM * 25CM photos, add Developer Replenisher 50ML); quality control (method is the use of liquid PH value measurement method).
Chapter XIII digital photography system 1. digital photography system consists of digital video entry system, digital image processing systems, digital video output system. 2. digital or digital is a digital photography basic characteristics. digital video input system is a photographic image digital processing system. commonly used in the camera (which has a digital image, without any further digital processing, can be directly entered into the computer for processing) and scanners ( negatives, photographs, transparencies, slides and other images must be converted from analog to digital image processing can be entered into the computer). 3. Digital image processing systems, including computers (capacity, speed, color display ability, with color control The correction of the function) and image processing software. 4. Digital video output system includes a digital film for output film recorder; digital printer (color inkjet printers, laser printers, dye-sublimation digital printer); photo CD. 5. Digital Film instrument works: 1> replace the image file into a specific analog signal; 2> replace the analog electrical signals into optical signals; 3> will be projected onto the photographic optical signals recorded by Gan Guangpian, making negatives or positives. 12 . affect scanner performance of the main factors that resolution, color reproduction, scanning speed.
Chapter XIV of the definition of news photography and feature 1. broadly refers to all news photography news reports with photographic means, including three categories: 1> use the camera images; 2> News TV series with a video camera; 3> news films shot with the camera. narrowly news and photography specifically refers to the camera as a tool to photography as a means to print the news media photo coverage of events. 2. Press Photo is defined: as a visual news, spot news photography news photography, the graphic form of combination, transfer news and information. 3. the meaning of the definition of news photography have five : 1> News Photography is a visual information, the main role in the human visual system; 2> News photography is one of the important features of the documentary field; 3> Press the purpose of visual communication photography is the news .4> Photojournalism image is the image of the shooting information, not art typically .5> text is an important part of photojournalism. 4. Press Photo of the features are: News, authenticity, image 5.. news photo coverage from the following four areas grasp the news of: 1> attention to major themes; 2> lots of pictures exclusive; 3> dare to attack the subject matter is difficult; 4> attention to the timeliness of reports. 6. the basic requirements of the authenticity of news photography has four points: 1> the subject must be true, the real facts; 2> photo image should be able to reflect the essential characteristics of the typical things that instant, the whole truth; 3> the true nature of the subjects should not be directed at the mercy to the subject; 4> text should be accurate and true. 7. news photography inaccuracy six reasons: 1> do not understand the basic principles of news photography to transmit news and information to be true, the news and publicity confused; 2> is not practical style of work, with the assumed subjective; 3> the news art photography and mixed; 4> moral problems; 5> political issue; 6> pranks. 8. Information and Publicity had six different: a> news coverage was born in the fact that transmission of information, publicity is certain to be missed concept, the two different purposes; 2> News can not be repeated, publicity can be repeated; 3> news is not mandatory, publicity mandatory; 4> true and false news are the fundamental issues of principle, only a credible and trusted information difference; 5> objective, fair and promote a strong subjective; 6> news must respect the fact that propaganda can be taken to achieve the various means ended. 9. image of the impact mainly refers to the following four points: 1> attractive ; 2> appeal; 3> convincing; 4> stirring effect. 10. Press Photo has the advantage of: 1> visually intuitive P292.296; 2> site provability; 3> instant permanent. 11. News photography is the equal to each other combination of images and text with an important position and role of peers; 3> epoch-making significance, rich content of human visual communication, the magnificent scope of the dissemination of news and information to increase the effectiveness of information dissemination of news; 4> ; increase the credibility of the press; 5> ultimately reflected in the books, newspapers, TV on the combination of one-sided, while present in the reader's eyes. 12. photojournalist's approach to grasp news: 1> attention to major themes of the news photography reported .2> .3 lots of pictures exclusive news> dare attack difficult subject matter, on the one hand refers to the degree of difficult, technical difficulties on the other hand refers to the shooting.
Chapter XV of the status and function of news photography 1. News In addition to graphic photographic combination of the basic functions of the effective dissemination of information, it also has 4 major roles: as a problem diagram; for illustration; landscaping layout; for the cover, or Introduction to pictures. 2. there is a new situation, mainly to the following four aspects: 1> considerable part of the concept of leadership, the newspaper has undergone a drastic change from news photographers do not attach importance to gradually establish thoughts; 2> Daily News photo by leading attention to independent news reports, many newspapers use dramatically increased the number of pictures; 3> Photography magazine swarm into the sky; 4> emerge some depth photo coverage. 3. the face of TV news challenges, the newspaper used both approaches and avoid weaknesses, play to their advantages: First, increase the amount of information the newspaper, increasing the depth of written reports, and television time, field of competition; the second is to make the image of a newspaper, a large number of multi-site to publish news photographs and television images for readers to see photos of different unique, so be watching television news reports of the Guidance. 4. Image rate a large number of newspapers have the advantage of more than four points: 1> more attractive; 2> ; increase the appeal; 3> adapt to the modern reader's reading habits; 4> to play the role of landscaping layout. 5. pieces of large number of republication principle: newspaper sites is a lot more layout pages with photos should be at that length to ensure large, but also as far as possible using a variety of photographs and news reports for newspapers and scheduling services. but we can not blindly pursue large multi-site, also reported that proper selection of the needs and the principle of image quality. 6. the social function of news photography There are three: the image of news dissemination (which is the basic news photography, the first function); guide social life (main role: to guide public opinion, public opinion to promote the construction of two civilizations. To achieve vivid, rational strong); aesthetic education (should have a distinctive modern, eclectic, their quality. The aesthetic features with: fresh, realistic, transience, on-site flu). 7. the image of news photography in the dissemination of information has three characteristics: objectivity; popularization; mass. 8. Press Photo of the features are: news, truth, image.
Chapter XVI genre of news photography and text 1. newspapers are published The main purpose of reporting news for the news photo coverage of the genre there are four kinds: 1> Picture News; 2> specific nature of news photography coverage; 3> feature news photography coverage; 4> illustrations. 2. Pictures and more pictures from the one or two stickers accompanied by a brief descriptive title and text composition. the valiant me is that simple and straightforward. pictures taken should be noted that 3 points: 1> seize the typical scenario, the circumstances and details; 2> make the news image of the prominent visual; 3> ; to be good at Zhuadian Xing moment. 3. specificity refers to the news photo coverage of major news events, local typical things, with typical details of news pictures to show and summarize news events. and picture information compared to its timeliness requirements weaker than the picture but must have a strong depth of management information to reveal and typical. from the news to see the performance of elements , pictures, news is the main account of when, where, who, what; specific and explain why students in news photos, and how. 4. special news report refers to pieces of photographic images and text combined with comprehensive and profound description of performance and presentation news events and news photojournalism genre all things, the basic characteristics of a 6: 1> the whole group of pictures around the same themes; 2> through the organization and presentation of things about a comprehensive and complete information about a story, single image is difficult to do; 3> picture of the topic selection and presentation of news photography coverage of great significance, determine their success or failure; 4> Successful projects news photography coverage through the combination of single pictures to form a whole, the collection of the advantages, its significance is much larger than the mechanical sum of single picture; 5> feature news photography coverage than any single image with richer content, to provide richer content, more abundant amount of information; 6> feature unique photojournalism coverage vitality, fully embodies the perfect combination of graphics 5.. Special features of news photography coverage of 6 points: 1> is an image feature news photography coverage of news and news pictures of a very particular combination of machine through an orderly combination of several pictures to form a plot from beginning to end with the complete story; 2> feature news photography coverage is picture perfect combination of the main text; 3> picture is much more than an instant space-time state Images ;, the effect is space, can take advantage of the role of language layout; 6> Photo essay is a special news report in the form of depth, change people's view that the news photography. 6. special news photo coverage of the composition there is no fixed format, often constitute a comprehensive To understand the convenience, its composition is divided into 4 points: 1> the same space multiple times; 2> at the same time, a number of space; 3> more than an instant; 4> than one side. 7. topic of news photography pictures Selected based on two principles: first, news photography coverage from the performance of special needs topics, namely, a comprehensive, representative and typical of starting diversity and depth, and strive to rich content and a combination of centralized and unified; the second is from Layout design considerations, taking into account the diversity and richness of the screen form, so that the entire layout consistent with a balanced, harmonious, proportionate, orderly basic requirements. concrete manifestation of 7:00: size of the combination; shape combination; Scene combination; content combination; color combination; the right number; picture varied arrangement of the situation. 8. cause more special reports news photography, news photography single reasons for the low 4 points: 1> by the News of the World Photo Competition effects; 2> mistaken for special news coverage than the picture photography journalism news and photo coverage of a particular likely to be successful; 3> mistaken size can be used regardless of subject matter coverage in the form of special news photography; 4> mistaken for a special news photo coverage is a simple piece together several pictures. 9. illustration photo is sung throughout the report is the supporting role, its role is not to separate a news report, but with the information, communications and other written reports of the photo. have a direct tie, indirectly, with the two ways. 10. text news photography explanatory text by the title and the common form. caption mainly The role of two things: first, difficult to explain the news to provide picture elements; second account of the background material, that the circumstances surrounding the incident, the reasons for the development of the incident, reported enhanced three-dimensional sense of depth. language should do the following 4 points : 1> language accurately; 2> Language exquisite; 3> language popular; 4> language and vivid. multi-word with the image value. 12. Photo News text writing should be short, direct, clear and specific. the main elements for account information time, place, characters and what, as news photos do footnotes. 13. Features photo coverage of news writing text to be shown its profound, revealing 14.. Special report text news photography can be a relatively complete writing essay, narrative or argumentative.
XVII news photography theme and subject matter 1. News picture photo image of the subject is revealed by the fact that the social significance of news and news of the shooting on the knowledge of the facts and evaluation. a news topic news photography, authenticity, immediacy, documentary, orientation and other major characteristics and requirements. 2. news photography themes reported in the performance of the basic requirements there are two points: First, the subject should be and the creation of the specific nature of the unity; the second is the main idea of news photo coverage to news image resides among the 3.. how to deepen the news photo coverage of the topic? 4 points: 1> use a specific form of photographs, revealing why and how .2> with special news reports in the form of photography, from the vertical and horizontal expansion of two themes, strive to be comprehensive and profound; 3> small theme shows great theme, Seeing .4> News Photography holistic thinking principles should be the contemporary one of the ways photographers. 4. Jose, the news photographers into eight categories: general news; unexpected spot news; headlines; daily life; sports; art; technology; nature and the environment. 5. Press Photo by subject matter , according to press things happen, the nature of the development can be divided into non-events news and events of two types of news, events, journalism but also news and events for the predictable emergencies news categories. 6. China News Award for news photography will divided into 10 categories: 1> major news and breaking news; 2> of economic reform and construction news; 3> Sports News; 4> News Celebrity Portrait scene; 5> material news; 6> Culture and Education Press; 7> Legal Military News ; 8> daily news; 9> critical news reports; 10 theme, subject matter can also show a small major theme, the key is to press reported mining depth and perspective. 8. documentary photography, social documentary photography and photojournalism in common with 3 points: 1> the two are the existence of objective things, characters in the image of a particular space-time state record; 2> both of which use the significant difference is that great attention to news and press photography and timeliness, and documentary photography, it does not have a strong news-oriented and time of the requirements and restrictions. 9. news photography to explore and develop the theme includes two aspects: one is to tap the old theme, to the depth of development; the second is to open up new areas of news photography subjects.
Chapter XVIII of news photography evaluation criteria 1. edited draft selection criteria 3: 1> According to this newspaper's editorial policies and features a combination of different key election is issued during the report; 2> Specific criteria include: innovative and ingenious; have higher image quality; graphics with good; 3> According to the general situation of the day and layout of newspapers and the overall space design option is issued. 2. Photo Editor's main task is responsible for photo coverage of elections and other photographic images, layout and text are also responsible for the need to arrange for press photographers to shoot a destination. Layout Editor's main task is responsible for their own layout selection, handling type and layout newspaper layout manuscript. 3. News picture of the evaluation principles have 3 points: the moment of tension, strong atmosphere, the characters emotions and personalities. 4. usually general news photography and capture the moment divided into 4 points: the golden moment point, the climax moment, the moment after the climax, the plot moments. 5. the current selection criteria of news photography are 6 points: 1> News of; 2> truth, and stressed the nature of reality; 3> instant cream; 4> published in a timely manner; 5> text news elements complete, accurate, concise, have a title; 6> image is clear, well-made. 6. the selection criteria of foreign news photographers have 5 points: 1> a major theme; 2> instant moving; 3> art perfect; 4> film hard; 5> significant social effects.
XIX capture an image of an interview with the site. image of the interviews, including interviews with in-depth interviews with selected line, the image of the accumulation of and image observation. 2. Press Photo observed features are 4 points: 1> from the global news events and news figures overall look, starting from the typical details; 2> site observations to be good at analysis and comparison; 3> site observations to pay attention ; God to judge, reasoning, grab the most rich in an instant image of the typical characteristics of news reports. 4. scene capture is this: the main news in the news-site observation of the rules and characteristics, select the appropriate angle, swing the shutter at the right time. 5. scene capture the main techniques of news photography, which is characterized by 4 points: 1> the moment of image capture natural, real; 2> non-interference in the image of the object to capture the moment the information content of large; 3> to capture the news events and press law their own requirements; 4> promote capture, contribute to improving the quality of press photographers themselves. 6. news reporting of events can be divided into two types: predictable events and emergencies. In an interview to predict events in the first film to be multiple ways of thinking technology and all-round ...
No comments:
Post a Comment